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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Before the Industrial Revolution. Rural (agriculture-based) economy Cottage system of production Inefficient Agriculture (example: common pastures, three field (open field) system). Major Causes of the Industrial Revolution. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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  1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  2. Before the Industrial Revolution • Rural (agriculture-based) economy • Cottage system of production • Inefficient Agriculture (example: common pastures, three field (open field) system)

  3. Major Causes of the Industrial Revolution • THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION (1) Acceptance of new crops (potatoes and maize across Europe) (2) Crop rotation (the four field system: wheat, turnips, oats/barley, clover) (3) The Enclosure Movement (improved soil and livestock; displaced poor peasants – formally-The Enclosure Act of 1801) (4) Technological innovations and agricultural propaganda (1793 – Arthur Young and the Board of Agriculture) “Prosperity under Farmer King George III” 

  4. The Agricultural Revolution (cont.) The Enclosure Movement

  5. Agricultural Innovations: Robert Bakewell – Jethro Tull’s Stock (selective) Breeding Seed Drill

  6. Causes of the Industrial Revolution – POPULATION GROWTH • Why? (1)Better resistance to diseases (2) New crops (3) More reliable food supply (4) Young population (in early 19th century, 40% in England - under age of 15)

  7. Causes of Agricultural Revolution Technological Changes in the 18th century • Spirit of innovation (scientific agriculture and less resistance to technology from urban guilds • Josiah Wedgewood – division of labor and pottery – from 1700s • Matthew Boulton’s Factory with Steam Engine - 1762

  8. Technological Innovations: Steam Engine • Thomas Newcomen (1705) – first modern steam engine • James Watt (1763) – improvement on the original engine (partnership with Boulton and application in factories and Fulton’s steamship Claremont (1807))

  9. Technological Innovations in Textile (Cotton) Industry • First industry to go through mechanization/ industrialization • Series of inventions reduced labor costs - John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle” (1733) - Richard Arkwright’s “Water Frame” (1771) - James Hargreaves’ “Spinning Jenny” (1778) - Samuel Crompton’s “Mule” (1779) The Spinning Jenny Machine’s installed in mills close to water sources. Women had to leave homes to work in mills (factories)

  10. Innovations in other Industries: • The Iron Industry(from Abraham Darby’s bridge (1779) to the Crystal Palace (1851)) • Transportation - Railroads(Stephenson’s Rocket – 1820’s and 1830s) - Steamboats and ships (1838 Transatlantic Steamship race) • Communication (Electric Telegraph -1830s)

  11. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain? • Diverse economy - Export – oriented - Colonies = sources of raw materials / markets for finished goods - Unified internal market • Natural resources and advantages of physical geography - Large deposits of coal and iron - Navigable rivers and coastline (canals!) - Island = natural protection against invasion/wars • Strong navy and the largest merchant marine • Government responsive to business - More “fluid” society - Constitutional protections of private property

  12. Changes in Social Patterns: • Urbanization • Improved connection between rural and urban areas (roads, canals, etc.) • Increase in lower class women’s and child’s labor • Formation of new social classes – urban working class (proletariat) and the new middle class • “Cult of domesticity”

  13. Economic and Political “Isms” – Responses to the Industrial Revolution: • Laissez faire (Capitalism) • Luddism • Positivism • Utilitarianism • Utopian socialism • Scientific socialism ----- (communism)

  14. Impact of Industrialization on Non-Western World • The revolution spread from England to the rest of Western Europe and, eventually, the United States • Western powers projected their industrial dominance on non-Western societies through economic domination and military interference

  15. Is the Industrial Revolution over?

  16. Work Cited: • Slide 1: http://mhslibrary.org/Teacher%20Projects/Teacher%20Projects/Social%20Studies/D%27Acquisto/Industrial%20Revolution/progress.jpg http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/childmillworker.jpg • Slide 2: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1- vEOICRwA/TIgR3d8y3qI/AAAAAAAACs0/6fZo2foigu4/s1600/spinning+shop.jpg http://adminstaff.vassar.edu/sttaylor/FAMINE/PT/cottage2.jpg • Slide 3: http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/agriculture/agriculture/history/graphics/1700.gif http://collectionsonline.nmsi.ac.uk/browser.php?m=objects&kv=65303&i=122795 • Slide 4: http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/be83d73d2626451f816016965357fa88_1M.png http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/images/episode/b00b1m9b_640_360.jpg • Slide 5: http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1899/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1899-3198.jpg http://irinventions.biss.wikispaces.net/file/view/An_English_farmer_plants_his_fields_in_the_early_1700s_using_a_seed_drill..png/234866676/508x219/An_English_farmer_plants_his_fields_in_the_early_1700s_using_a_seed_drill..png • Slide 6: http://apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com/file/view/worldpopulationgrowth2%5B1%5D.gif/178496593/worldpopulationgrowth2%5B1%5D.gif • Slide 7: http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/watt02.htm http://www.thepotteries.org/works/burslem/brick_house.jpg • Slide 8: http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/images/2008/01/30/thomas_newcomen_engine_lead_203x152.jpg http://pioneros.puj.edu.co/biografias/img/thomas%20newcomen.jpg http://www.notablebiographies.com/images/uewb_10_img0714.jpg http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/watto.htm • Slide 9: http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/010.html • Slide 10: http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/images/grafics/nonani/stephenson_rocket_big.gif http://www.jimwegryn.com/Names/Ships/greatwestern.jpg • Slide 11: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FaidyrQJzCI/TpwledViZDI/AAAAAAAAAFc/f1-SehPULww/s400/Untitled.jpg • Slide 12: http://science.jrank.org/article_images/ep201102/science/science3574.jpg http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Images/ChildrenSpinning.jpg • Slide 13: http://iwcmediaecology.pbworks.com/f/1228259284/LudditesSmashingLoomLarge-757004.jpg http://pier88.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/capitalisms_pyramid.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?q=karl+marx&num=10&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&gbv=2&biw=1268&bih=628&tbm=isch&tbnid=2mojWAeQRKO7AM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx&docid=yShKn8aOXxIbKM&itg=1&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Marx_color2.jpg/110px-Marx_color2.jpg&w=110&h=141&ei=K5tHT-ndLcre0gGpyvH5DQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=584&vpy=195&dur=51&hovh=112&hovw=88&tx=86&ty=50&sig=112143469369497069947&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=112&tbnw=88&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0 • Slide 14: http://pier88.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/capitalisms_pyramid.jpg http://quicktake.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/british-cartoon-on-opium.jpg?w=720

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