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Steps in the Cold War

Steps in the Cold War. continued notes. IRON CURTAIN SPEECH. s peech from Prime Minister Winston Churchill a n “Iron Curtain” of Soviet controlled countries in Eastern Europe ran along the western borders of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Albania. TRUMAN DOCTRINE.

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Steps in the Cold War

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  1. Steps in the Cold War continued notes

  2. IRON CURTAIN SPEECH • speech from Prime Minister Winston Churchill • an “Iron Curtain” of Soviet controlled countries in Eastern Europe ran along the western borders of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Albania

  3. TRUMAN DOCTRINE • in 1947 President Truman asked for $400 million • providing military and economic assistance to countries that resist communist takeovers

  4. MARSHALL PLAN • in 1947 U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall created a plan to rebuild Europe • Congress approved $17 billion • European nations could receive money to rebuild as long as the money was spent on U.S. products • only West European countries took the loan

  5. MOLOTOV PLAN • the Soviet Union rejected participation in the Marshall Plan and decided to create an economic union of East European countries • Created by Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheshav Molotov • East Europe would rebuild according to a plan set forth by the communist countries

  6. NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 • military alliance • Canada, U.S. West Europe, Greece and Turkey • still in existence today

  7. WARSAW PACT • Warsaw Pact was created in 1955 • military alliance • Soviet Union and seven East European Satellite States • Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria

  8. BERLIN BLOCKADE • following WWII, Germany was divided into four occupation zones controlled by the Americans, Soviets, British and French • Berlin, the German capital, was also divided in four zones held by the same powers • in 1948, the Soviet Union decided to cut off road and rail access to Berlin which was inside East Germany

  9. BERLIN AIRLIFT • the Berlin Blockade left two million West Berliners without food, electricity and fuel • for 10 months the U.S. sent two million tons of supplies to West Berlin on cargo planes • the Soviet Union lifted the blockade in May, 1949

  10. BERLIN WALL • after years of using propaganda to discourage people from defecting to West Berlin… • a wall was constructed in 1961 that sealed shut the entire border between East and West Berlin • it was manned by East German soldiers in watchtowers with shoot to kill orders for anyone attempted to scale the wall

  11. BERLIN WALL CONTINUED • the Berlin Wall was tore down in November, 1989

  12. HORRIBLE FLASHBACKS

  13. U.S.S.R. TESTS THE BOMB • the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb in 1949 • both “Superpowers” now competed in an arms race

  14. THE INVASION OF HUNGARY • rioting broke out in Hungary in 1956 • they wanted more freedoms from their communist government • the new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, moved the Soviet army with tanks into the streets of Budapest • the uprising was brutally crushed and Hungary was returned to a Soviet-style nation

  15. THE INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA • in 1968, Czechoslovakia attempted to loosen itself from Soviet control and restore freedoms lost since the end of WWII • it the revolt was led by Alexander Dubcek • the Soviet Union sent in Warsaw Pact troops and crushed the revolt

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