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War of 1812

War of 1812. Setting the Scene. Jefferson wins second term Quarreling between Britain and France threatened American trade with Europe France excludes Britain from European goods, seizes 500 American ships Britain blockades France, seizes 1,000 American ships.

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War of 1812

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  1. War of 1812

  2. Setting the Scene • Jefferson wins second term • Quarreling between Britain and France threatened American trade with Europe • France excludes Britain from European goods, seizes 500 American ships • Britain blockades France, seizes 1,000 American ships

  3. America Focuses Anger at British • Impressment – British policy of capturing American ships and using them in their navy • Chesapeake Incident – British kill 3 Americans when they refuse to let the British board • Embargo Act of 1807 – America would not export any products • Hurt U.S. more than Britain, so act was repealed in 1809 except for exports to France and Britain

  4. Tecumseh’s Confederacy • William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, convinces chiefs to sell 3 million acres of land • Tecumseh and his brother urge tribes to unite • While pressing Harrison to withdraw, Tecumseh also negotiates with British for help against the Americans

  5. Violence on the Homefront • While Tecumseh was away, his brother attacks Harrison • Harrison wins Battle of Tippecanoe, becoming a national hero, though he lost many troops

  6. Calling for War • News leaks that Shawnee were armed by British Canada • “War Hawks” call for war against Britain • Led by John C. Calhoun (SC), Henry Clay (KY) • “On to Canada!”

  7. Madison Leads U.S. Into War • Madison wins Election of 1808 • 1812 – Madison and Congress declare war on Great Britain • Believed Britain was trying to cut off American trade and destroy the economy

  8. The War in Canada • American military unprepared • British capture Detroit, America fails to capture Montreal • 1813 – America wins naval battle on Lake Erie, retake Detroit and win several battles • Different tribes side with British, Americans • Tecumseh killed at Battle of the Thames, 1813

  9. The War at Sea • American navy (16 ships) greatly outnumbered • 3 warships, the President, the United States, and the Constitution each win victories • British use numbers to blockade Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, most American ships in port by 1813

  10. British March on D.C. • Following U.S. victory at Battle of York, troops burned governor’s mansion and legislative assembly buildings • In retaliation, British burn the Capitol, White House, and other buildings • Madison and other officials forced to flee

  11. Andrew Jackson • General Jackson won a series of battles, won national fame • Defeated Native Americans at Battle of Horseshoe Bend, crippled Native American military power in the South • Won his biggest victory at Battle of New Orleans over British troops… after the war had already ended

  12. Treaty of Ghent • Signed on Christmas Eve of 1814, declared an armistice (end to fighting) • Did not address issues of impressment or shipping rights • Within a few years, these issues would be settled

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