Ch. 17.3 Wars in Korea and Vietnam I. War in Korea A. Standoff at the 38 th parallel

1. Ch. 17.3 Wars in Korea and VietnamI. War in KoreaA. Standoff at the 38th parallel • North of the 38th the Japanese surrendered to the Soviets • South of it the Japanese surrendered to the Americans

2. A. Standoff at the 38th parallel 3. June 25th, 1950 the North Koreans swept across the 38th with Soviet tanks, planes, and money trying to take over all of Korea 4. Truman decided to back South Korea to prevent a repeat of Germany’s aggression in WWII

3. A. Standoff at the 38th parallel 5. The U.N. voted to protect South Korea (Soviets had boycotted the UN) 6. General Douglas MacArthur took command of the UN forces 7. They halted the North Korean control with the landing of Inchon

4. B. The Fighting Continues The UN troops pushed the N. Koreans past the 38th and almost to the Yalu River The Chinese sent 300,000 troops into N. Korea because they felt threatened as a result of the Americans military push

5. B. The Fighting Continues 3. By Jan. 1951 the Chinese who outnumbered the UN forces pushed the UN out of N. Korea and were able to capture Seoul, the capital 4. MacArthur proposed a nuclear attack vs. China but Truman denied that option 5. Then removed the General for insubordination

6. B. The Fighting Continues 6. By 1952 the UN forces pushed the Chinese and N. Koreans past the 38th parallel • July 1953 UN forces and N. Korean signed a cease-fire agreement and the border was set at approximately the original 38th parallel

7. C. Aftermath of the War • The two countries remain divided- Communist N. Korea and Democratic S. Korea • N. Korea is a impoverished country where as S. Korea has flourished as a result of foreign aid from the U.S.

8. II. War Breaks Out in VietnamA. The Road to War • The U.S. goal of containment of Communism led to involvement in Vietnam • Nationalist Ho Chi Minh turned to the Communist for help in their struggle to gain independence from the French

9. A. The Road to War 3. He also founded the Vietminh (independence) League to combat the Japanese when they took over during WWII 4. After WWII the French took control back over upsetting Ho Chi Minh

10. B. The Fighting Begins • The Vietnamese Nationalist and Communists joined to expel the French • The Vietminh used hit and run tactics and were able to defeat the French • They surrendered to Ho in 1954 after a major defeat at Dien Bien Phu

11. B. The Fighting Begins 4. This was a great threat to the U.S. who saw this in terms of the Domino Theory 5. D.T.-The fall of one Southeastern Asian country to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors

12. C. Vietnam-A Divided Country After France’s defeat an international peace conference divided the country at 17 degrees north latitude. Communist to the North led by Ho and anti-Communist to the South led by dictator Ngo Dinh Diem

13. C. Vietnam-A Divided Country 3. The Vietcong or Communist guerillas gained influence in the south and won control of large areas in the countryside

14. III. The U.S. Gets InvolvedA. U.S. Troops Enter the Fight • Congress authorized the president to send troops because Vietnamese patrol boats attacked to U.S. destroyers • In 1965 185,000 troops and by 1968 their were more than 500,000 troops

15. A. U.S. Troops Enter the Fight 3. Negatives: In unfamiliar jungle fighting a guerilla war and the S. Vietnamese govt. was disliked by the people 4. U.S. also bombed millions of acres of farmland creating hate amongst the peasants for the U.S. and the S. Vietnamese govt.

16. B. U.S. Withdraws • U.S. protests of the war increase to such a level that it forces President Nixon to begin with drawing troops • Nixon adopts a plan called Vietnamization which gradually pulled U.S. troops letting the South Vietnamese troops take over

17. B. U.S. Withdraws • Nixon authorizes a massive bombing campaign into N. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos trying to destroy the Vietcong • By 1973 the war was over with more than 1.5 million Vietnamese killed and 58,000 American soldiers killed