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Acid Nomenclature

Acid Nomenclature. A quick primer. Late next year, we will explore the full properties of acids, but for now: Acids are ionic compounds that release H + ions into solution. Most of the time, they have hydrogen combined with non-metals to the far right of the periodic table

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Acid Nomenclature

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  1. Acid Nomenclature A quick primer

  2. Late next year, we will explore the full properties of acids, but for now: • Acids are ionic compounds that release H+ ions into solution. • Most of the time, they have hydrogen combined with non-metals to the far right of the periodic table • If the element is not to the far right of the periodic table, the compound may also have a lot of oxygen atoms Acid Definition

  3. Binary acids: these contain hydrogen and one other element (HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H2S) • Oxyacids: these contain hydrogen and a polyatomic ion with many oxygen’s(H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO3, H2CO3) • Organic acids: these have the elements carbon, hydrogen and at least two oxygen’s, and often are written as formulas with an ending “-COOH” Types of Acids

  4. Binary compounds (not acids) end with the suffix “ide”. • Acids are named by adding a prefix “hydro”, and replacing the “-ide” with “-ic acid” • NaCl “sodium chloride” become HCl “hydrochloric acid” • KBr “potassium bromide” becomes HBr “hydrobromic acid” Naming: Binary

  5. Polyatomics often end with the suffix “ite” or “ate” • “ite” is replaced with “ous acid” • “ate” is replaced with “ic acid” • Sulfate , SO42-, becomes H2SO4, sulfuric acid • Nitrate, NO31-, becomes HNO3, nitric acid • Phosphite, PO33-, becomes H3PO3, phosphorous acid Naming: Oxyacids

  6. There is a very serious set of rules for naming all possible organic acids. Most of the time, they can be ignored. Common names are used instead. • A few you need to know: • CH3COOH- Acetic acid • CHOOH – Formic Acid Naming: Organic Acids

  7. HI… • HF.. . • H2S… • HBr… • H3P… Hydroiodic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrophosphoricacid Practice Names: Binary

  8. H2CO3…. • HNO3…. • H2SO3…. • HBrO3…. • H3PO4…. Carbonic acid Nitric acid Sulfurous acid Bromic acid Phosphoric acid Practice Names: Oxyacids

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