1 / 12

Syntax

Syntax. The study of phrases, clauses, and sentences. 1957 Noam Chomsky “Syntactic Structures”. Syntax. The biggest house vs. theest big house The big house vs. big the house American history teacher or American history teacher ? What will Tiny Abner put on his head? Vs.

china
Download Presentation

Syntax

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Syntax

  2. The study of phrases, clauses, and sentences. • 1957 Noam Chomsky “Syntactic Structures” Syntax

  3. The biggest house vs. theest big house • The big house vs. big the house • Americanhistory teacher or American history teacher? • What will Tiny Abner put on his head? Vs. what will Tiny Abner put a hat on his head? • Katznelson is expected to run vs. Katznelson is expected will run Observations

  4. Words are classified into categories according to their behavior: • Nouns can be made plural… • Adjectives can be made comparative and sup…. • Determiners : only one article can precede the noun… • Verbs agree with their subjects ….. Categories as theoretical constructs

  5. Lexical: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs • Phrasal: noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase • Each phrase contains at least one lexical category of the same basic type NP, VP, AP, DP, AdvP, QP…. categories

  6. The brick house the old house Is brick an adjective? Use syntactic theory to account for the behavior of the following words: Walk-walked Week-weekest Wok-woked Weak-weakest Beast-beasts Best-bests Look!

  7. See:The red car vs. red the car • Phrase structure (PS) rules: • which elements are permitted in a type of phrase - the left-to-right ordering of those elements -whether any of the elements are optional Left to right ordering

  8. SENTENCE: SNP-VP NOUN PHRASE: NP(Det)-(AP)-N-(PP) Ex. Leea is eating the apple VERB PHRASE: VP V-( NP )-(PP) AP Ex. The battery died Chris hit the ball He drove the car into a tree They are in the kitchen The teacher is angry My boss was very happy with her decision English PS rules

  9. ADJECTIVE PHRASE: AP (I) –Adj Ex. He jumped very high AP Adj N PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: PP  Prep-NP Ex. I was at the hospital PP Prep NP Types of phrases in English

  10. Ice floats • The red car • John • In a bad mood • In a very bad mood • Gave a party for Mary • Was a fool • Was extremely silly • Ran those people hit that man on the head • Ran with difficulty • Ran extremely quickly English PS : SENTENCE: SNP-VP NOUN PHRASE: NP(Det)-(AP)-N-(PP) VERB PHRASE: VP V-( NP )-(PP) AP ADJECTIVE PHRASE: AP (I) –Adj PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: PP  Prep-NP Practice

  11. Sdominates all of the other nodes Node Sdirectly dominates NPand VP Nodes NP and VP are daughters of S Nodes of Det (art) , N, and PP are sisters Tree diagrams

  12. The children laughed at the clown. • Haste makes waste. • Two very small packages arrived. • A meteor hit my red car. • The fastest runner won the longest race of all. • Learning a new language can be exhausting. Practice with trees

More Related