The Present Perfect Tense

1. The Present Perfect Tense

2. The present perfect tense consists of : Have/has + the past participle form of the verb. I haveseen their photos. She haslived abroad. Have ( I, you, they, we, plural nouns) Has (she, he, it, singular nouns) Contractions: I’ve, we’ve, they’ve, she’s, he’s, it’s

3. Uses • Actions or situations that happened at an unspecified time in the past: I havebeen to Canada. My parents havereturned from there. I haven’tseen the Houses of Parliaments. She hasnotbeen to Brazil.

4. Time expressions for this use are: already, just, ever, recently, still, yet, so far and up to now. I’ve already seen their photos. My parents have just returned from Canada. My family still hasn’t had time for a trip. They have shot 10 rolls of film so far. Up until now, we haven’t had the money.

5. 2- Repeated actions ay unspecified times in the past. I havebeen to London twice. Paul hasn’ttraveled outside his country too many times. Time expressions like: once, twice, several times.. Etc

6. Yes/ No questions in the present perfect tense: The adverb : (not) ever is common in the present perfect tense: Have you everbeen to New York? Yes, I have No, I haven’t Has she everseen the Empire State Building? Yes, she has No, she hasn’t Haven’t you everseen the Faisalia Tower? Yes, I have No, I haven’t

7. Information Questions Have or has separates the question word from the sentence subject. Why have you come here? How many times have you been here? How much money have you spent? Where have you been? Why haven’t you brought a map?

8. In present perfect questions with who or what as the subject , the word order is the same as in a statement. Who haslived abroad? Jaun has lived abroad. Who hasn’ttaken any pictures? No one has.

9. Ever, never, already, just, recently, still and yet. • Questions: 1. Ever: means “at any time”. It comes before the past participle. Have you everbeen to the British Museum? 2. Already: means “before now”. It may come before the past participle or at the end of the question. Have you alreadybeen to the British Museum? Have you been to the British Museum already?

10. 3. Yet: means “up to now”. It is usually placed at the end of the question. Have you visited the British Museum yet?

11. Affirmative statements: • Just: refers to the very recent past. It comes before the past participle. I’vejustvisited that museum.

12. 2. Already/ recently: usually come before the past participle or at the end of the sentence. I’vealreadyvisited that museum. I’vevisited that museum already. I’verecentlyvisited that museum. I’vevisited that museum recently.

13. Negative Statements: 1. Never: means “not at any time”. It must come before the past participle. I havenevervisited that museum. 2. yet: usually comes at the end of a negative statement. I haven’tvisited that museum yet.

14. 3. Still: means “up to now”. Still comes before has or have. I stillhaven’tvisited that museum.