Unit 7 Cities and Urban Land Use

1. Unit 7Cities and Urban Land Use 13-17% of the AP Exam

2. Walter Christaller (1930s)Used to describe the pattern of urban places

3. Central Place Model: Variables • Hinterland = rural areas serviced by central places • Threshold = minimum number of people needed • Range= maximum travel distance • Spatial competition

4. Rank Size Rule • nth largest city’s population size = 1/n the size of the regions largest city popultion • 4th largest city = ¼ the size of the regions largest city’s population size

5. Megacities • Over 10 million inhabitants • NYC • Mexico City • Cairo • Jakarta

6. Borchert Model of Urban Evolution Studied US cities: • Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830), • Iron Horse Epoch (1830–1870), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks. • Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network. • Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–1970), saw growth in the gasoline combustion engine • Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-?), also called the High-Technology Epoch

7. Economic Structure of Cities • Basic = brings money into an urban place • Automobile manufacturing • Non-basic - shifts money within the city, but doesn’t bring money in -service jobs

9. Concentric Zone Mode • 1920s- 1st one- Chicago- Ernst Burgess

10. Sector Model1930s- Hoyt

11. Multiple NucleiUllman and Harris-1945

12. Urban Realms-1970shelp explain the growth and importance of suburban areas

13. Griffin Ford – Latin American Model

15. The first cities arose in • Ancient Greece • Hearths of early agriculture • The Indian subcontinent • Central Mexico • Near the equator

16. Classic _____ cities have narrow, winding streets, open-air markets, many dead ends, and courtyards surrounded by high walls • Medieval European • Hindu • Latin American • Islamic • colonial

17. Asian, African, and South American cities • Contain dominant centers, usually surrounding something of religious significance • Contain strong manufacturing and industrial sectors within the city • Display mostly modern forms of architecture as they are recently developing themselves after colonialism • Contain many structural relics from colonialism • Usually have a church at the center of the city

18. In cities like Baltimore, inner-city revitalization has transformed_____ into gentrified urban neighborhoods • Suburbs • Central business districts (CBD) • Edge cities • Ghettos • Agglomeration

19. Which of the following represents an urban geography defined by railroads? • Boston • Mexico City • Chicago • San Francisco • Los Angeles

20. Which of the following best describes edge cities? • They are located along freeways on the outskirts of major cities • They are usually found in Europe and Asia • The are small, isolated communities • They are designed in the Beautiful City tradition • They are gentrified communities

21. According to central place theory • Small communities bind regions together • Most people live in mid-sized cities • Large cities serve as economic hubs • Regions are impossible to define • There are more large cities than small cities

22. The coastal southern California and northern Baja, Mexico region can be described as a • Central place • Artificial construction • Megacity • Megalopolis • Agglomeration

23. Los Angeles provides an excellent example of • The Beaux Arts tradition • A central business district (CBD) • The multiple nucleated metropolis • The concentric zone model (CZM) • Disagglomeration

24. The Industrial Revolution • Had little impact on urban areas • Spawned vast manufacturing centers • Began in the Great Lakes region • Made factory workers obsolete • Caused an urban to rural migration