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Biology

Learn about the process of photosynthesis, leaf structure, plant transport systems, stages of photosynthesis, measuring photosynthesis, and factors that can limit photosynthesis. Practical demonstrations and diagrams included.

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Biology

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  1. Biology Plant Transport Systems & Photosynthesis

  2. Photosynthesis Learning Intentions • What is Photosynthesis? • Leaf structure and function • What are the plant transport systems? • How many stages are there in photosynthesis? • What happens in each stage of photosynthesis? • How can photosynthesis be measured? • What are the factors that can limit photosynthesis?

  3. 1. What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a series of enzyme controlled reactions which allow green plants to make their own food Photosynthesischanges light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of ATP The word equation for photosynthesis is:- Photosynthesis video Stand and Deliver LightEnergy

  4. 2.1 Leaf Structure Waxy Cuticle Upper Epidermis Vein Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyy Air space Stoma Guard Cells (Xylem & Phloem)

  5. 2.2 Leaf Structure and Function

  6. 3.1 Plant Transport Systems (WATER) Transport of Water Transpiration is when water moves from the roots up to the leaves of a plant Water is needed by the plant for photosynthesis Water moves from a region of high water concentration (in the soil) to a region of lower water concentration (in the root hairs) by osmosis Water travels up the stem of a plant in non-living xylem vessels to the leaves Xylem Vessels are hollow and are made of rings of lignin Practical: Tomato Sauce and Celery

  7. 3.2 Plant Transport Systems (GLUCOSE) Transport of Glucose (Sugar) Glucose is made in the leaves by Photosynthesis Glucose can travel from the Leaves to all other parts of the plant in Phloem. Phloem vessels are living cells made of sieve tubes and companion cells

  8. 3.3 Plant Transport Systems Root Diagram of Xylem and Phloem Stem Diagram of Xylem and Phloem Plant Transport Video Clip(2:59)

  9. 3.4 Plant Transport Systems (Gas Exchange) (Turgid) (Flaccid) Practical: See Stomata Photosynthesis Animation

  10. 3.5 Gas exchange in leaf Cuticle Upper Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Lower Epidermis Xylem Phloem Vascular Bundle Stoma Guard Cells Carbon Dioxide gas enters Oxygen gas leaves the leaf

  11. 4. Stages of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in a chloroplast of a leaf Stage 1 – Photolysis Occurs in the grana of a Chloroplast Stage 2 – Carbon Fixation Occurs in the stroma of a Chloroplast grana stroma A Chloroplast

  12. 5.1 Stage 1 - Photolysis PHOTOLYSIS Light Energy Water Hydrogen Oxygen ADP + Pi → ATP Photolysis is the first stage of Photosynthesis Light Energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts. The Light Energy is used to split water into Hydrogen and Oxygen. The Light Energy is converted into Chemical Energy in the form of ATP The 3 products of photolysis are Oxygen, ATP and Hydrogen Oxygen is released to the air (as a by-product) ATP and Hydrogen are passed onto the second stage of Photosynthesis (Carbon Fixation)

  13. 5.2 Stage 2 – Carbon Fixation Stage 2 - Carbon fixation ATP and Hydrogen (from Photolysis) are used with carbon dioxide to make the product glucose Glucose can be:- Converted to an energy source (in respiration) 2. Stored as Starch 3. Made into Cellulose (for cell walls) Hydrogen ATP Carbon Dioxide Glucose Carbon Fixation Practical: Testing leaves for starch

  14. 5.3 Summary Stage 1 & Stage 2

  15. 6. Measuring Photosynthesis Count number of oxygen bubbles Upside down test tube Water Upside down funnel Cabomba

  16. 7. Limiting Factors The factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis are: Light Intensity Light Energy is an essential factor needed for to split Water into Hydrogen + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Concentration Carbon Dioxide is a raw material needed to help make Glucose Temperature Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes work too slowly at low temperatures, and become denatured at too high temperatures *If the rate of photosynthesis decreases, the rate of cell growth decreases

  17. 8. Photosynthesis & Industry Photosynthesis light energy Carbon Dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose chlorophyll Limiting Factors Temperature Light Intensity Carbon Dioxide Concentration Control of Limiting Factors Heaters Supplementary Lighting Heaters which burn paraffin to increase carbon dioxide M&S Letter

  18. Photosynthesis Activities • Water Transport Practical – Celery/Flowers/Tomato Sauce • Stoma Pore Practical – Nail Varnish/Germaline New Skin • Rate of Photosynthesis Practical • Limiting Factors and Photosynthesis Practical - Design • Matching Cards (See N4/5 Drawer) • True and False Statements – Revision • Compare and Contrast Photosynthesis and Respiration • Photosynthesis song • Textbook Questions • Homework • Past Paper Questions • Quick Quiz

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