The Early Years (1789-1816)

1. The Early Years (1789-1816) 1790 Census – 4 million (3 million farmers) “Hudson River School” style of painting

2. Families 0f 10-12 were not unusual The FRONTIER moved from East to West

3. The FRONTIER moves WEST This is bad news for what group of people?

4. Population density - now Native American reservations - now

5. I. Washington’s Presidency What do we do? This has never been done before! The Constitution didn’t spell out a lot of details There were no precedents (prior examples) Main idea – President Washington transforms the Constitution into a real government.

6. Filling in the details… The Judiciary Act of 1789 Creates the system of Federal Judges, makes federal laws “the supreme Law of the Land” The president’s cabinet The group of department heads who serve as the president’s chief advisors Advise me.

7. Advise me. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5jzwQm69uU

8. The National Bank Debate Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Jefferson, you poor, naïve fool, we need a national bank to issue paper money and take in taxes. Plus, it will make people trust the government more. Hamilton, you dunce, a national bank will make the government and rich investors too powerful. Oh, and PS…it’s unconstitutional! Congress doesn’t have the power to create a bank! Distrusts a strong government, and the rich Supports the ‘plain people’ Favors a society of farmer-citizens Likes a strong central government Distrusts the ‘mob’ Favors development of business, manufacturing and shipping Republic led by well-educated elite http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrxKOO0nKwc

9. Loose construction of the Constitution Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’ Strict construction of the Constitution Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in the Constitution.

10. The Hamiltonians win, and the Bank of the United States is established in 1791 First Bank of the United States Philadelphia, PA

11. The District of Columbia is designated as the new capital in 1790 Moved to the ‘center’ of the country To make southern states feel more included in the government

12. Uninhabited parts of the U.S. - 2014 2014

13. The new political parties emerge

14. Democratic Party Republican Party

15. Where 50% of Americans live Red = Republican Party Blue = Democratic Party

16. Events in Europe divide public opinion The USA stays neutral during the French Revolution.

17. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Spain gives up all claims of land east of the Mississippi (except Florida)

19. The Northwest Territory Problems - British forts remained, and the Native Americans were fighting settlement of the territory

20. The Northwest Territory “Mad Anthony” Wayne The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) decisive battle between US Army and Native American tribes, ending hostilities with the Native Americans (for the time being…) Jay’s Treaty (1794) Britain agrees to remove its forts from the Northwest Territory Battle Of Fallen Timbers - YouTube

21. The Northwest Territory http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif

22. Washington’s Farewell Address Warns against the Party System, and foreign alliances We must be unified at home and independent abroad.

23. John Adams becomes the second president 1797 He’s a federalist, from Massachusetts

24. The ‘Quasi-war’ with France (1798-1800) “undeclared” war with France

25. Have Mr. Githler arrested.

26. Placing the interests of your own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole Sectionalism 1990 1860

27. Nullificationis a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.

28. Thomas Jefferson becomes president - 1801 Jefferson simplified the presidency, tried to shrink the government and expanded the size of the country About Sally Hemings - YouTube

30. Loose construction of the Constitution Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’ Strict construction of the Constitution Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in the Constitution.

31. Marbury v. Madison The Supreme Court rules that it has the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional (known as ‘judicial review’)

32. Louisiana purchase

33. So much for “strict construction”… I must find a way to buy that land from Napoleon…

34. Lewis and clark

36. War of 1812 Grievances against Britain - Impressment of U.S. sailors Interference with Indian uprisings Seizing American ships Tecumseh

37. War of 1812 “We have met the enemy and they are ours” Quotes “Don’t give up the ship” The Star Spangled Banner “Old Hickory” (Andrew Jackson)

38. This is The War of 1812 - YouTube Newfield

39. The British burn the White House

40. A war with England seemed like a good idea at the time… James Madison

41. Results of the war War of 1812 Confirmed American independence Strengthened nationalism/our national identity New heroes A military draw

42. The Watkins and Flint Purchase Newfield

43. After the Revolutionary War, was a period of lively land speculation in western New York. In 1794, John Watkins and Royal Flint became land agents, and received from New York State a patent for land south of the Military Tract which had been set aside for use as payment to Revolutionary War soldiers. The patent consisted of 336,000 acres in twelve townships, at $.40 an acre, and included the area that is now Newfield. What would later become Newfield village was part of the Thomas Livingston purchase from Watkins-Flint. Land in the area typically sold for $3.00 to $4.00 an acre, paid in equal installments over a number (usually four) of years. The deed would not be recorded until the price was paid in full. In those early years, cash was hard to come by and the economy was based on barter. Very often, the purchaser would fail to make his payments and would forfeit the money already paid and title to the land would revert to the seller. In fact, only one such sale was officially recorded before 1822.

44. Newfield in 1815 – population about 1000

45. The first settler was James Thomas in Poney Hollow in about 1800. About the same time, though they remained residents of Ithaca, the Dean family settled what is now the West Branch of Cayuga Inlet, and were founders of the present village on the site of an Indian village named “Three Springs” (near the corner of Main Street and Shaffer Road). The Deans were investors from Ithaca, and their settlement was called “Florence”. A mill was constructed behind where the town hall is presently located, and another mill at the intersection of Mill Street and Depot Road.

46. In the first decade, a saw mill (1809) and then a grist mill (1811) were erected along the stream. The walls that can be seen today behind the town hall were from mills that were constructed somewhat later – probably around 1830. There was also a hotel and tavern operated by Jeremiah Hall. There was no bridge until 1812 and the roads were little better than improved Indian trails. As a result, agricultural activity in the township was mostly subsistence farming. Generally, settlers at the lower altitudes had better land and a longer growing season than those in the hills. There was no easy way at that time to transport products (or people) to other places. Life was quite different in those early years. Mail was carried between Ithaca and Elmira once a week on horseback, weather permitting. Most of the structures were made of logs. Perhaps the biggest threats to livestock were the numerous wolves. Bears and rattlesnakes were common, too. There was a log schoolhouse, but no churches, and residents had to rely on infrequent visits by circuit preachers.

47. Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Distrusts a strong government, and the rich Supports the ‘plain people’ Favors a society of farmer-citizens Likes a strong central government Distrusts the ‘mob’ Favors development of business, manufacturing and shipping Republic led by well-educated elite