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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Protists. Chapter 19. 19.1 Introduction to Protists. Endosymbiosis. Theory believed to explain origin of eukaryotes and complex organelles like mitochondria & chloroplast. Large prokaryotes engulfed a smaller prokaryote and lived symbiotically

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista

  2. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Endosymbiosis • Theory believed to explain origin of eukaryotes and complex organelles like mitochondria & chloroplast • Large prokaryotes engulfed a smaller prokaryote and lived symbiotically • Eventually evolved into a single organism

  3. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Protists • All protists are eukaryotes. • Some reproduce asexually by mitosis while others exchange genetic material. • Most are single celled • First Eukaryotes on Earth

  4. Protists Chapter 19 19.1 Introduction to Protists Classifying Protists • Some scientists classify protists by their methods of obtaining nutrition. • Animal-like protists- Heterotroph • Plantlike protists- Autotroph • Funguslike protists- Saprophyte

  5. Animal-like protists • Heterotrophs • Eat algea, bacteria or other protists • “protozoans” = first animals • 4 phyla (groups) based on mode of movement

  6. Protozoa Structures • Pellicle – A rigid, but flexible structure of microtubules that underlies the plasma membrane of many protozoans.

  7. Trichocysts – Some pellicular structures are used for protection. These “threads” cover the body of the protozoan.

  8. Contractile vacuoles: membrane enclosed spaces that removes excess water. Helps to maintain homeostasis

  9. Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates Trypanasoma: Giardia: Causes African sleeping sickness Causes intestinal infections

  10. More Zoomastigina – Trichonympha – digests cellulose in termites

  11. Phylum Sarcodina • Move and feed through use of pseudopods • Pseudopod – temporary projection of the cytoplasm • i.e. Amoebas • When feeding, they surround food and bring into cell in the form of a food vacuole by endocytosis

  12. Phylum Ciliophora • Use cilia for feeding and movement • Cilia: hair-like projections that flow back and forth like ores • Example: Paramecium • Contain macro (working copy) and micronucleus (reserve copy of genetic info) • Contactile vacuole removes excess water • Reproduce by conjugation

  13. Ciliophora • Stentor • Largest known protozoan

  14. Phylum Apicomplexa • Parasites • Reproduce through spores • Plasmodium is a spore producing protozoan that causes malaria. Malaria sporozoite

  15. Protists and Disease • Malaria – effects 300-500 million people • Caused by the sporozoan Plasmodium carried by mosquitoe • African sleeping sickness • Caused by zooflagellate Trypanosoma • Spread by the bite of the Tsetse fly • Amoebic dysentery • Caused by amoeba in contaminated water

  16. Phytoplankton: Plant-like Protists • Autotrophs • Contain chlorophyll and other pigments • Main producer of Oxygen • Algea & Giant Kelp

  17. Plant-like Protists • Phylum Euglenozoa • Swim with use of flagella • Flagella – long whip-like projection used to propel an organism • Live in lakes and streams • Absorb food through cell membrane • Reproduce asexually through binary fission • Example: euglena

  18. Algea • Green • Contain chlorophyll as main pigment • Mainly freshwater • Brown • Contain brown photosynthetic pigment • Include Kelp • Red • Contain red photosynthetic pigments • Dinoflagellates • Causes red tide • Diatom

  19. Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae

  20. Phylum Phaeophyta – Brown algae

  21. Phylum Rodophyta – red algae

  22. dinoflagellate

  23. Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates

  24. Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms

  25. Fungus-like Protists • Feed on decaying matter and absorb nutrients- saprophyte • Cell wall with cellulose • Slime molds and Water molds

  26. Phylum Acrasiomycota – cellular slime molds

  27. Water Molds - causes “ich”

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