Animal Kingdom

1. Animal Kingdom

2. Features that Animals Share • They are heterotrophs (can not make their own food) • Can perform rapid, complex movements • Multicellular • Sexually reproduce • Absence of a cell wall • Tissues – specialized function

3. Most Have Symmetry • Radial symmetry – body parts arranged around a central axis • Bilateral symmetry – body design with distinct right and left halves • Asymmetrical – irregular in shape

4. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) • Multicellular marine animals • Don’t move (anchored to rocks or the bottom) • Asymetrical symmetry • Internal skeletons of spicules • Pores that water flows through for feeding • Single opening for outgoing water

6. Phylum Cnidarians • Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones • Have stinging cells • Marine and freshwater animals • Radial symmetry • Two body forms: polyps and medusa (free swimming) • Two layers of cells that are tissues

8. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Flat body with single opening • Bilateral symmetry • Many are parasites (live off of another animal) • Tapeworms and flukes

10. Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Tube within a tube body • Two openings (mouth, anus) • Simplest digestive system • Some free living and some parasitic • Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

11. Phylum Mollusca • Bilateral symmetry • Three part body plan: • Visceral mass – the organs • Mantle – an outer layer of heavy tissue • Foot – muscle used for locomotion • Organ systems: digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration, and reproduction

12. Phylum Mollusca • Shell • One – snails • Two – clams • None – slug • Radula – (except bivalves) a rasping tongue-like organ for scraping • Cephalopods – most intelligent of invertabrates

13. Phylum Mollusca • Snails • Slugs • Octopus • Squid • Clams • Mussels • Oysters

14. Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms • Fossils found in rock that is 530 million years old • Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and locomotive organs

15. Phylum Annelida • Has a primitive brain • Has a nerve cord that runs along the underside • Have bristles called setae to help them move • Earthworms and leeches

16. Phylum Arthopoda • Jointed appendages • Segmentation • Head with compound eyes • Exoskeleton (outside) • Respiratory structures • Open circulatory system • Some have wings

17. Phylum Arthopoda • Class Diplopoda – millipedes • Class Chilopoda – centipedes • Class Insects – 3 segments, 3 legs • Grasshopper – chewing/biting mandible • Mosquito – piercing/sucking mandible • Fly – sponging/lapping mandible

18. Phylum Arthopoda • Class Arachnida – 2 segments, 8 legs • Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites • Carnivores except for mites • Some are poisonous

19. Phylum Arthopoda • Subphylum Crustacae – 2 segments, 5 pairs of legs • Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow • Respiration with gills • Two pairs of antennae • Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs

20. Phylum Echinodermata • Spiny skin • Endoskeleton • Five-part radial symmetry • Water-vascular system • No head or brain • Tube feet • Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

22. Phylum Chordata • Notochord that develops along the back of the embryo • Have a single hollow nerve chord down their back • Not all develop into backbones

23. Vertebrates • Chordates with a backbone • Endoskeleton • Bilateral symmetry • Two pairs of jointed appendages • Complex brains and sense organs • Closed circulatory system with a chambered heart • Organ systems: nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, excretory

24. Vertebrates Classes • Jawless Fish • Cartilaginous Fish • Bony fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

25. Jawless Fish • Gill slits • Single loop blood cirulation • No jaws • No scales • No paired fins • Cartilage skeleton • Example: Lamprey

26. Cartilaginous Fish • Has a jaw • Has paired fins • Reinforced cartilage skeleton • Rough tooth-like scales • Gill slits • Examples: sharks and rays

28. Bony fish • Gill covers • Has a jaw • Has paired fins • Bony skeleton • Lateral line • Swim bladder • Scales • Examples: most fish, 95% of fish

30. Amphibians • Adapted to land • Legs • Lungs (some skin breathing) • Double loop circulation • Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently • Need water to reproduce • Eggs are not watertight, no shell • Metamorphosis – tadpole to adult • Ectothermic – body temperatures change • Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders

32. Reptiles • Adapted to land • Legs have scales, watertight skin • Lungs • Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently • Eggs have a leathery shell • Ectothermic – body temperatures change • Examples: turtles, lizards

33. Reptiles • Dinosaurs were reptiles • Four living lines: • Turtles • Snakes and lizards • Crocodiles and alligators • Tuataras

35. Birds • Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates • Beaks • Wings • Hollow bones • Feathers • Scales on their legs • Endodermic – constant body temperature • Eggs have hard, watertight shells

36. Birds • Beaks and legs differ according to use: • Birds of prey • Songbirds • Water birds • Flightless birds

38. Mammals • Hair • Diverse and specialized teeth • Endothermic • Mammary glands • Unborn young nourished by a placenta

39. Mammals • Reproduce in three ways: • Monotremes – Lay eggs then feed milk • Marsupials – Feed in a pouch • Placental – Unborn young nourished by a placenta

40. Placental Mammals Orders • Rontentia – mice, guinea pigs • Chiroptera – bats • Insectivora – shrew • Carnivora – flesh-eating • Pinnipedia – marine carnivores • Primate – monkeys and apes

41. Placental Mammals Orders • Artiodactyla – split hooves • Perissodactyla – odd number of toes, horses • Cetacea – whales and dolphins • Lagomorpha – rabbits • Sirenia – manatees • Probiscidea – elephants