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Material for Civil Engineering

Material for Civil Engineering. aggregates. Definition. Materials (for construction) Inert material which, when bound together into a conglomerated mass by a matrix, form: - concrete, -mastic mortar, -plaster .

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Material for Civil Engineering

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  1. Material for Civil Engineering aggregates hra

  2. hra

  3. Definition Materials (for construction) Inert material which, when bound together into a conglomerated mass by a matrix, form: -concrete, -mastic mortar, -plaster. An aggregation of sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag or other material composition used in combination with a binding medium to form: -bituminous and Portland cement, -concrete, -macadam, -mastic, -mortar cement, -plaster, or alone as: -railroad ballast, -filter beds, and -various manufacturing processes such as fluxing hra

  4. Natural Aggregate Classification Manufactured Aggregate hra

  5. Natural Aggregates • Taken from natural deposits without change in their nature during production, with the exception of crushing, sizing, grading or washing • Includes: • pumice, • shells, • iron ore, • lime rock hra

  6. Manufactured Aggregates • Aggregates produced as a direct product, rather than as a by-product of a manufacturing process • Includes: • Blast furnace slag • Clay • Shale; • Light weightaggregates hra

  7. Synthetic – Artificial Aggregates • By-product of an industrial process • Product of process developed to manufactured aggregate with special properties • Reclaimed or waste construction materials hra

  8. Classification based on Size • FINE Aggregate passing 9.5mm (3/8”) sieve, passing sieve no 4 (4.75mm) and predominantly retained on 75u (no 200) sieve Aggregate passing no 4 and retained on the no 200 (75um) sieve • COARSE Aggregate predominantly retained on the no 4 sieve (for Portland Cement Concrete) The no 8 or no 10 sieve (for bituminous concrete) hra

  9. Composition & Structures • Natural Aggregates • Consist of naturally occurring material of mineral composition • Derived from rocks with single mineral or several different mineral hra

  10. IGNEOUS ROCK NATURAL AGGREGATES SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK hra

  11. Composition & Structures • IGNEOUS ROCK • COOL MELTING FORMED (ABOVE OR BELOW THE EARTH’S SURFACE) • CONSISTS OF CRYSTAL OR MINERALS IN A CRYSTALLINE (OR GLOSSY) MATRIX • SIZE IS A FUNCTION OF COOLING RATE hra

  12. Composition & Structures • SEDIMENTARY ROCK • FORMED BY THE CONSOLIDATION OF DEPOSITS, - WEATHERING PRODUCTS AND EROSION OF ROCKS (EARTH SURFACE) • LESS MECHANICAL COMPACTIONS hra

  13. Composition & Structures • METAMORPHIC ROCK • FORMED BY THE APPLICATION OF INTENSE HEAT AND PRESSURE TO SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • LESS POROUS, STRONG MATRIX (RECRYSTALLIZATION) • STRONGED AND LESS ANISOTROPIC COMPACTED TO SEDIMENTARY ROCKS hra

  14. hra

  15. Principles and Procedures • The use and process: • QUALITY : high (estimate) • COST : low (estimate) • The procedures: • Excavation • Transportation • Washing • Crushing • Sizing hra

  16. procedures Processing plant Site Excavator: digging Removal of organic material (silt; clay; leaves; mud) Method: blasting; dragging; pumping Transportation (truck, rail, conveyor belt) Washing : before and/or after hra

  17. Sizing and screening • Sizing: by crusher • Proper and desirable size • Crusher type: • size of designed aggregate Sieve : vibratory screen Set of sieves with designated diameter hra

  18. d d sieve D hra

  19. X gram Retained = coarser X’ gram coarser X” gram finer X”‘ gram finer Sieve analysis h D (X- z) gram hra

  20. Grain distribution 100 80 60 % by weight finer 40 20 0 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.0.01 Diameter, log, mm hra

  21. End of session hra

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