Ch.11 The Civil War

1. Ch.11 The Civil War • Border State • Neutral • Martial Law • blockade

2. Advantages of the North • 110,000 factories • Twice as much farmland and twice as much railroad track. • The North had 2.5 million soldiers to 800,000 in the South

3. Advantages of the South • By invading the South, confederates would be fighting on their own territory • Most of the nation’s experienced military officers were southerners • General Robert E Lee resigned from the U.S. Army to fight for the South

4. Warm Up • Name one advantage of the South? • Name one advantage of the North

5. Strategy of North and South North • Lincoln blockaded southern seaports • To cut off supplies of goods and cotton sales. • Gain control of the Mississippi River • To stop transportation South • To defend their own territory until the North became tired. • The south hoped Britain’s need for cotton would force Britain to help the South

6. The Border States • Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers • The Union needed to control Maryland or Washington D.C. would be surrounded by the confederacy.

7. Battle of Bull Run • Union General Irvin McDowell marched to Virginia to capture Richmond Virginia. • The armies clashed at Bull Run where Jackson the confederate general was standing like a stonewall he became known as “stonewall” Jackson. • The poorly trained soldiers for the Union began to panic and fled back to Washington.

8. Ch.11 Sec 3 Vocabulary • Emancipate • Horace Greely

9. A Famous Proclamation • On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. • The Proclamation freed slaves that were fighting the Union. • Abolitionists complained it should be applied through the whole country.

10. African Americans Help the Union • The Emancipation proclamation allowed African Americans to fight in the war. • 189,000 African Americans served in the Union army or navy. More than half were freed by the fighting . If captured some were made slaves or killed. They earned only half of what white soldiers made. • Some southern slaves tried to hurt the Confederate war effort. Many slaves resisted to work , and gave information to Union armies.

11. Ch.11 Sec 4 Vocabulary • Habeas corpus • Is a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. • Draft • A system of required military service. • Income tax • is a tax on the money people receive. • Inflation • A general rise in prices

12. Draft Laws • The South established a draft where men from 17-50 had to serve in the military. • Between 300,000 and 500,000 Union and Confederate soldiers left their unit and went home. • The North drafted men from the ages of 20-45 • Wealthy people in the South who had over 20 slaves did not have to fight. • Northerners could pay 300 dollars to avoid serving.

13. Anger against the draft led to riots and mobs of people destroying property and attacking African Americans and rich white people.

14. Economic Strain • To pay the costs of fighting the war , Congress levied the first income tax. • The Union printed 400 million of paper money to help pay for expenses. • The Union blockade prevented the South from raising money by selling cotton overseas. • The Union army destroyed farmland and crops. The shortages of food caused riots in some southern cities.

15. Blockade of southern ports

16. Sec 5 Vocabulary • Siege is an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and • cutting it off until the people inside surrender. • William Tecumseh Sherman • Total War all-out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy’s army, its resources, and its people’s will to fight.

17. Sec 5 Decisive Battles Battle of Gettysburg • Confederate soldiers went to Gettysburg looking for shoes. • The confederates came upon Union soldiers, the South fought them back out of Gettysburg. • General Lee attacked the Union soldiers and suffered 28,000 casualties during the three day battle of Gettysburg. • Lee lost a 1/3 of his troops.

18. The Fall of Vicksburg • Unable to take Vicksburg by force, Grant began a siege of Vicksburg. • Union guns bombarded Vicksburg. Residents took shelter in cellars and in caves they dug in hillsides. • They ate mules and rats to keep from starving. After six weeks they finally gave up.

19. Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold of the Mississippi River. • The entire river was now under Union control. • The Fall of Vicksburg and the defeat at Gettysburg marked a major turning point of the Civil War.

20. The Gettysburg Address • November 1863 about 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg to honor the soldiers that died there. • “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” —Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863

21. Grant Vs. Lee • Grant was now in charge of the entire Union army • Grant used the strategy of total war, destroying an enemy’s army, resources and will to fight. • On April 2, Grant’s troops broke through Confederate lines. • Lee’s army retreated to the town of Appomattox, where Lee surrendered.

22. The War’s Terrible Toll • The Civil War was the bloodiest conflict the U.S. has ever fought. • 620,000 soldiers died from both sides. • Many returned home disfigured for life.

23. In Lee’s surrender the Confederates had to give up their weapons and leave in peace. • As Lee rode off, Union troops celebrated, Grant silenced them saying, “the war is over ,the rebels are our countrymen again.”

24. Two Key results of the war • It reunited the nation and put an end to slavery • It would still take 100 years for African Americans to experience the full meaning of freedom.