Presentation Transcript

1. The Civil War: Chapter 11
2. Confederate Union
3. Make a T-Chart Union strengths and weaknesses. Confederate strengths and weaknesses.
4. Key Figures of the Civil War: Union
5. Key Figures of the Civil War: Confederacy
6. First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) The 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), was the 1st battle of the Civil War, and a humiliating defeat for the Union. Had they been better organized, the Confederates could have invaded Washington, D.C. afterward, but they failed to pursue the retreating Union army and missed a golden opportunity. The battle proved that the war would be longer than expected and led Lincoln to adopt General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan.
7. The Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan involved surrounding the Confederacy and cutting off all supply lines, much like an anaconda wraps around its prey and squeezes the life out of it. It restricted southern trade and communications by seizing control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half, and instituted a naval blockade of the Confederate coastline
8. Battles of the Civil War Flip Chart Second Battle of Bull Run Antietam Chancellorsville Gettysburg Vicksburg The Battle of Atlanta & Sherman’s March to the Sea Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Commanders- Union & Confederate Significant Info: strategies used, advantages & disadvantages of each side, new tech used, etc. Outcome: winner and casualties for each side.
9. Lincoln’s Political Struggles Lincoln was glad that several slave states stayed in the Union, but he realized that southern sympathizers were common in these areas. If Maryland joined the Confederacy, the Union capital of Washington, D.C. would be surrounded by Confederate territory. Concerned that Maryland might secede, Lincoln declared martial law in Maryland, and suspended the writ of habeas corpus (the guarantee that a person can’t be imprisoned w/o being brought before a judge) and jailed the strongest Confederate supporters. Lincoln also instated a draft, which was unpopular among the poor and immigrants (rich folks could avoid the draft by hiring a sub for $300.) Draft riots broke out in New York City, killing more than 100 people. One group that was among Lincoln’s strongest opponents was the Copperheads: Union Democrats who were Confederate sympathizers. Copperhead encouraged draft resistance and made threats on Lincoln’s life.
10. First metal ships in world!
11. Atlanta Burning- Sherman's March to the Sea
12. Emancipation and the War On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamationfreed all of the slaves in states under Confederate control. Although the proclamation did not bring an immediate end to slavery, it promised that enslaved people would be free when the North won the war. Lincoln hoped to give the war a moral focus beyond just saving the Union. It also encouraged African Americans to serve in the Union army. Seeing their battle as one to free their own people from slavery , African Americans served notably in the war. Take the 54th Massachusetts for instance.
13. The 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863
14. The Gettysburg Address Four months after the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address at a ceremony dedicating a cemetery on the sight of the battlefield. It was a powerful affirmation of Lincoln’s desire to see the Union survive and the nation saved.
15. Gettysburg Address that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln
16. The Hardships of War Medical Care Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not survive the war. Disease killed many of them. Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to dysentery and typhoid fever. Malaria and pneumonia were also killers. A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp or in a hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield. Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union army. By the end of the war, nursing was no longer only a man’s profession. Sanitation was non-existent. Rotting food and garbage littered the ground. Human and animal waste polluted water supplies. Chapter 11, Section 2
17. Life Behind the Lines– Assessment What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? (A) The use of greenbacks (B) The law of contraband (C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join the military Chapter 11, Section 2
18. Life Behind the Lines– Assessment What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? (A) The use of greenbacks (B) The law of contraband (C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join the military Chapter 11, Section 2
19. Surrender at Appomattox On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s army. He planned to unite his troops with those of General Johnston. Lee hoped that together they would be able to continue the war. On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town of Appomattox Court House. They were surrounded by a much larger Union force. Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and continue to fight as guerrillas—soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee rejected this idea. That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private home. Lee surrendered, and the two men signed the surrender papers. Chapter 11, Section 4
20. A New Birth of Freedom The Thirteenth Amendment (abolished slavery) was ratified by the states and became law in December 1865. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the groundwork to “bind up the nation’s wounds.” Chapter 11, Section 4
21. Civil War Deaths Chapter 11, Section 4
22. Election of 1864 & Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address In an effort to defeat Lincoln and negotiate an end to the war, the Democrats nominated former Union general, George McClellan, for president. But Sherman’s capture of Atlanta 2 months before the election convinced everyone that Union victory was within reach, and Lincoln was elected for a second term. During his second inaugural address in March 1865, Lincoln condemned slavery, and expressed his hope for reuniting the nation once the war war over. He expressed his sorrow that both sides had suffered and communicated a vision of rebuilding the South rather than punishing it. Photos of Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
23. Lincoln Is Assassinated Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war. Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Southern conspirators in Washington, D.C., had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war. After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes Booth, assigned members of his group to assassinate top Union officials. On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford’s Theater. Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was found hiding in a tobacco barn. Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C., to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois. Chapter 11, Section 4
24. Devastation and New Freedom– Assessment Why did the South fear the election of Abraham Lincoln? They knew that Lincoln was an adamant supporter of “popular sovereignty.” Lincoln had run on a platform of abolishing slavery throughout the nation. Lincoln openly supported the Dred Scott decision. They feared that he would seek not only to prevent slavery in new territories, but to end it in the South also. What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment? (A) It brought an end to the Civil War. (B) It reunited the Union. (C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender. (D) It ended slavery in the United States forever. Chapter 11, Section 4
25. Assessment How did Sherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the election of 1864? A. It allowed Lincoln to suspend the write of habeas corpus in GA, thereby assuring that only Lincoln’s supporters went to the polls. B. It inspired faith in military generals, thereby leading to General McClellan being nominated for president. C. It assured people in the North that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the popularity of President Lincoln and allowing him to win re-election. D. It led to Lincoln’s defeat b/c he lost the support of Southerners whom Sherman had abused. It was a major turning point in the war that ended the South’s hoped of successfully invading the North. In addition, many believe that had General “Stonewall” Jackson been alive the South would have won this battle, and quite possibly, the war. Which battle was it? A. Gettysburg B. Antietam C. Vicksburg D. Chancellorsville
26. Assessment What was the Emancipation Proclamation, what impact did it have on the role of African Americans in the Civil War, and why did it have this impact? Describe some of the advantages the Union had during the war and explain how they contributed to the Confederacy’s defeat.
27. Technology made Civil War . . . The Monitor
28. More efficient and deadly
29. Vicksburg
30. Confederate Dead
31. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
32. After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.
33. Civil War ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
34. Lincoln is assassinated
35. Questions?