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Chapter 11: The Civil War

Chapter 11: The Civil War. 1861-1865. Major Causes of the Civil War. State’s Rights Slavery Preserving the Union Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Slave vs. Free States Lincoln’s Election in 1860. Basic Information. The North. The South. 23 States “The Union” Yankees

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Chapter 11: The Civil War

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  1. Chapter 11: The Civil War 1861-1865

  2. Major Causes of the Civil War • State’s Rights • Slavery • Preserving the Union • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Slave vs. Free States • Lincoln’s Election in 1860

  3. Basic Information The North The South 23 States “The Union” Yankees Blue Coats USA (United States of America) 11 States “The Confederacy” Rebels Grey Coats CSA (Confederate States of America) There were others who were undecided… Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, & Missouri) were States that had soldiers fighting for both sides!

  4. Remember Your Maps!

  5. Advantages of the Union • 22 million in population • 90% of industrial goods made up North • Efficient railroad system • Controlled the navy • Capable military leaders • 2.5 million enlisted soldiers • Strong, existing government

  6. Advantages of the South • Excellent military generals • Defending is ALWAYS easier than attacking • Farmers fight better than factory workers • Fighting on own land • Profitable economy based on cotton exports • Fighting to maintain their lifestyle- very passionate

  7. Disadvantages of North • Fighting mainly takes place down south • Not as strong of military generals • Fighting for a change

  8. Disadvantages of the South • 800,000 in military- much smaller than the North • Single economy- solely based on cotton exports • No navy • Lack of railroads • Weak government Map of Railways in 1860

  9. Role of Great Britain • They had been one of the biggest buyers of Southern cotton • The South relied on that trade to fund the war • However…. • Many Brits resented slavery • Started to grow cotton in their new colonies (i.e. India) • The British needed grain crops from the North • In the end, the British do not help the South- major blow to the South!

  10. The Anaconda Plan • North’s plan to: • Stop supplies getting to South • Prevent South from exporting crops • Cut off flow of supplies to Confederate areas • Control the Mississippi River/ cut off supplies to interior

  11. The Naval Blockade • Put in place by North • Prevented the South from trading with other countries • Prevented supplies from other countries reaching the South

  12. Financing the War- North • Relied on Industry • Economy was better than the South • Already had food crops- it was a matter of distributing • Government issued greenbacks- essentially bonds

  13. Financing the War- South • Had relied on cotton trade- that was blocked (Anaconda Plan) • Converted cotton fields to food crops • People starved to fund the war

  14. The First “Modern” War • New Weapons Used • Minie Balls • Repeating Rifles • Submarines • Trenches • New Technology Used • Railroads • Telegraphs • Mass Production of Goods

  15. Major Turning Points in the Civil War

  16. The Election of 1864

  17. The 13th Amendment • With the reelection, Lincoln saw it as a mandate, or a clear sign from voters, to end slavery permanently • He recognized that he needed to push the Amendment NOW before the war ends • If not, when reconnected, the Sothern's back in Congress would have blocked the amendment • On Jan 31, 1865, the 13th Amendment was added to the Constitution • It banned slavery in the United States

  18. The South Surrenders • The end was near for the South • Lincoln actually delayed the surrender to push through the 13th Amendment • On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse.

  19. Lincoln’s Plans for the South • Lincoln did not want to punish the South for the war • He thought that would only cause more problems • His goal was to keep the Union in tact and he accomplished this • Others would come up with more harsh plans • Unfortunately, we will never know what Lincoln would have done during Reconstruction

  20. The Assassination • On April 14th, 1865, Lincoln and his wife attended Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theater. • John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and against abolitionism, shot Lincoln in the theater • Lincoln’s assassination was part of a larger plan of Wilkes • He and his conspirators planned to kill the Vice President and Secretary of State- both unsuccessful

  21. Impact of the War • Short Term??? • Long Term???

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