Presentation Transcript

1. CHAPTER 11 THE CIVIL WARCH. 11-1 PREPARING FOR WAR

   AMERICAN HISTORY
2. THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER April 12, 1861—Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter CRISIS AT FORT SUMTER March 5, 1861-Cmdr. Robert Anderson sends desperate note to President Lincoln Confederate leaders demand Anderson surrender Fort Sumter or be fired upon
3. Lincoln decided to tell Confederates he was going to send only food and nonmilitary supplies to the fort THE ATTACK ON FORT SUMTER Jefferson Davis decided to demand surrender or use whatever force necessary to destroy it April 12, 1861—Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort Fort Sumter’s defenses were no match and the fort surrendered April 13th The southern flag replaced the stars and stripes on April 14th
4. THE RUSH TO WAR President Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 days to put down the rebellion Northerners rush to enlist in the military 8 remaining southern states had to decide which side to support MO, AR, KY, NC, TN, VA, DE, MD refused to send troops or ignored the President’s request April 17—VA secedes May—AR, TN, NC secede What would DE, KY, MD, and MO do?
5. THE BORDER STATES DE, KY, MD, MO referred to as BORDER STATES (slave states that remained in the union) MARTIAL LAW IN MARYLAND MD most critical border state Churches required to fly Stars and Stripes Newspaper supporting secession were closed and owners jailed
6. Lincoln placed parts of MD under MARTIAL LAW (military commanders are in control; citizens’ rights and freedoms suspended) In November 1861 new elections produced a pro-union legislature DIVISIONS IN MISSOURI MO controlled the lower Mississippi River MO stayed in the union
7. DIVIDED LOYALTIES IN KENTUCKY Control of KY meant control of 700 miles of the Ohio River “I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky”—Abraham Lincoln Most local officials opposed secession KY initially said it would remain neutral KY sided with the union in Sept. 1861 after Confederate troops invaded.
8. GOALS AND STRATEGIES Lincoln couldn’t make the war entirely about slavery Lincoln said people should fight to preserve the union South had a simple goal: be left alone with slavery unchanged. Southerners felt that if they could hold off the North long enough, the north would grow tired of the war and withdraw
9. THE NORTH’S STRATEGY Northern armies needed to invade the south to return states to the Union North was better prepared for war More people, factories to fight and produce guns and ammunition General Winfield Scott did the planning 1) Union navy would blockade southern ports 2) Union gunboats travel down the Mississippi splitting the south in two
10. Scott’s plan had major flaws Based on belief that most southerners opposed secession It would take a lot of time to create an effective blockade Most northerners wanted a short war ANACONDA PLAN—name for Scott’s plan given by journalists—based on the snake that slowly squeezed its victim to death Newspapers suggested that the Union capture the confederate capitol—Richmond, VA to quickly end the war
11. THE SOUTH’S STRATEGY South had fewer resources but more support for their cause White southerners believed that they were fighting for freedom and homeland Southerners placed great value on bravery and fighting ability Most of the USA’s most talented military officers were southerners Most sided with their home state and fought in the confederacy
12. COTTON DIPLOMACY The South’s greatest strength over the North was cotton Huge exports to Great Britain and France South believed that Great Britain and France would aid the south if the exports were interrupted COTTON DIPLOMACY—use of cotton as a foreign policy tool
13. Britain and France did not recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation South stopped shipping cotton (EMBARGO) Britain didn’t appreciate being blackmailed by the South over cotton THE END