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Demographics

Demographics. Canadian & World Issues. Demographics. Studying Population Population Pyramids Global Village. Studying Population. Population Geography The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time. Demography

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Demographics

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  1. Demographics Canadian & World Issues

  2. Demographics • Studying Population • Population Pyramids • Global Village

  3. Studying Population • Population Geography • The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time. • Demography • The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing. • Demographics • A term for population characteristics. Demographics include birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education, occupation, religion, nationality, …

  4. Studying Population Population change over time will inevitably affect…. • Political Systems • Economics • Social Structures • Environments

  5. Studying Population Billions Developing countries Developed countries Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.

  6. Studying Population • Factors that may lead to population increase include: • Food • Health • Economic Growth • Migration

  7. Studying Population • Growth Rate • the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a population due to natural increase and net migration. • Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 population per year. • Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 population per year. • Rate of Natural Increase • birth rate – death rate = rate of natural increase

  8. Studying Population • Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include: • Better Nutrition • Better Access to Medical Care • Improved Sanitation • Better Immunization • Net Migration = immigrants – emigrants

  9. Studying Population • Effects of Population Increase • Increased poverty • Resource depletion • Medicine shortages • Urban sprawl

  10. Studying Population • A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years. Baby Boom Baby Echo Births Generation Y Generation X 1965 2025 1945 1985 2005

  11. Studying Population • Factors that may lead to population decline • Heavy Emigration • Disease • Famine • War • Sub-replacement Fertility • a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area’s population. Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or higher.

  12. Studying Population • Population Decline in the past • The Black Death • Old World Diseases • Potato Famine • Population Decline today • Sub-replacement Fertility Levels • Migration (to be discussed in the next lesson)

  13. Studying Population • Why low sub-replacement fertility rate? • Urbanization • Contraception • Government Policies • Exception: United States where natural increase rates have remained stable… • And within the US, incredible regional variations

  14. Studying Population 60-81 50-59 40-49 30-39 20-29

  15. Studying Population Pregnancy Rate Canada & US 1974-1997 (not just birth rate as illustrated in previous map)

  16. Studying Population Average Number of Children per Woman Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

  17. Studying Population • Effects of Population Decline: • Deflation • Rise in the standard of living • Population aging • Small impact on the environment • Political power?

  18. In the developed countries, there are fewer and fewer young people and more and more elderly. Studying Population Millions Age Males Females Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.

  19. The young population of the developing countries translates to great growth potential. Studying Population Millions Age Males Females Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.

  20. Europe is the only world region projected to decline in population by 2050. Studying Population Millions

  21. Population Pyramids • A population pyramid is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups (also called cohorts). • A great deal of information about the population broken down by age and sex can be read from a population pyramid, and this can shed light on the extent of its development. • Birth rate trends • Death rate trends • Number of economic dependents (<15, >65)

  22. Population Pyramids • Three basic shapes of population pyramids.

  23. Population Pyramids – CAN 1961 Aging Population Depression Baby Boom

  24. Population Pyramids – CAN 2006

  25. Population Pyramids – US 1990

  26. Population Pyramids – US 2000

  27. Population Pyramids – US 2025

  28. Population Pyramids – US 2050

  29. Population Pyramids – US 2100

  30. Global Village • If the world were a village of 1000 people, it would include: • 584 Asians • 124 Africans • 95 Eastern and Western Europeans • 84 Latin Americans • 55 former Soviets • 52 North Americans • 6 Australians and New Zealanders

  31. Global Village • The people of the village would speak: • 165 Mandarin • 86 English • 83 Hindu/Urdi • 64 Spanish • 58 Russian • 37 Arabic • and the remaining villagers would speak a variety of 200 other languages

  32. Global Village • The religion practiced by the villagers would be: • 329 Christians (among them 187 Catholics, 84 Protestants, and 31 Orthodox) • 178 Muslims • 167 "Non religious" • 60 Buddhists • 45 Atheists • 32 Hindus • 3 Jews • and 86 of other religions

  33. Global Village • Financially speaking in this 1000 person community • 200 people receive 75 percent of the income • Another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income. • Only 70 people of the 1000 own an automobile (although some of the 70 own more than one car). • About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

  34. Global Village • Looking at the social structure of the village, there are: • 5 soldiers • 7 teachers • 1 doctor • 3 refugees driven from home by war or drought • and half of the adults are illiterate

  35. Global Village • The village has a total yearly budget, public and private, of over $3 million - $3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly. • Of the total $3 000 000: • $181,000 goes to weapons and warfare • $159,000 to education • $132,000 to health care

  36. Global Village • Nuclear Power in the Village: • The village has buried beneath it enough explosive power in nuclear weapons to blow itself to smithereens many times over. These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. • The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together; and if they do, whether they might set off the weapons anyway through inattention or technical bungling; and if they ever decide to dismantle the weapons, where in the world village will they dispose of the radioactive materials of which the weapons are made?

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