German-Japanese Cooperation

1. German-Japanese Cooperation DESD Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2006 ACCU International Exchange Programme under the UNESCO-Japan Funds-in-Trust for the Promotion of International Cooperation and Mutual Understanding

2. Sustainable Berlin Transport System- Economic and Ecological Implications

3. SustainableEducation 1.1 Curriculum for geography in Berlin´s secondary schools • Education for Sustainable Development • plays an important role • for a deeper understanding the strategies of • sustainability should be put into action by pupils

4. Learning about sustainability is practical • learning - positive examples - experiences - environment - friendly • practical learning in everyday life – learning • process becomes more plausible • That means for our students: • active participation in and organization of • school life • responsible consumption • acting in solidarity towards the disadvantaged • asking questions concerning the future

5. 1.1.1 Geography Grade 11: Mobility and Transport • geography projects in 11th grade – study of the • future capabilities of the Berlin public transport • system • understand sustainability in traffic • sustainable development – economic, ecological • and social system are coordinated in a way that • the natural basis of life is preserved for future • generations • sustainability in traffic • -minimize damages and risks for the environment • a long-term preservation of the natural basis of • living is ensured

6. protection of flora and fauna • economically, traffic should contribute to • guaranteeing jobs and economic success • shortage of natural and financial resources – • consistently improve efficiency • resources have to be used more efficiently

7. 2. Mobility and Transport in Berlin 2.1 Transport situation in Berlin • until 1939 an efficient transport system of • trains, subways,trams and buses developed • separation of transport system in 1949 – • different development in both parts of the city • 1990 – Berlin became the capital city – two • transport systems had to be joined together • big economic and technical challenge – the • opportunity to mind a sustainable development • of transport in Berlin and its surroundings

8. 2.2 Change of traffic parameters • Most local authorities of metropolises are • confronted with increasing problems of • congestion and pollution due to the steady growth • of urban motorized traffic. • emissions of carbon dioxide, air pollution and noise • - carbon dioxide emissions increased from • 17.2 to 22.9% between the years 1990 and 2000 • by 2010 transport will be the largest single • contributor to greenhouse gas emissions

9. organization of world of employment population and homes urban structure Traffic technical development budget possibilities of transport and costs global economic network

10. 2.2.1 Dilemma of traffic policy • wrong reaction to the increase in traffic – • extension and improvement of the road network • declining demand for public transportation • would set off a downward spiral leading to a • greater volume of motorized traffic and there- • fore a higher burden on the environment

11. Decreasing attractiveness of public transport and decreasing demand less cost-coverance, higher deficits higher fares, less stops, less frequent trains and buses, stoppage of ancillary railways decreasing attractiveness of public transport, because it seems to be too expensive, slow, rare connections, bad condition of vehicles, unsafe at night increasing volume of traffic, increasing demand of parking space, car-friendly shopping areas and workplaces need for further investments in roads, introduction of „intelligent guidance systems“ increasing attractiveness of cars, because it seems to be cheap, independent, flexible, safer and faster Extension and improvement of road network, removal of bottlenecks

12. 2.3 Transport development planning 2.3.1 mobil2010 • Berlin´s new urban transport development plan • integrated strategy aims to fulfil future mobility • needs of inhabitants • meet ambitious standards set for sustainable • urban transport by • putting priorities on the maintenance of the • existing infrastructure instead of expansion • using infrastructure more efficiently • promoting public transport, walking and cycling • 32% in Berlin of all trips are made on foot or • by bicycle

13. 27% by public transport • 41% by cars or motorcycles • city´s budget is limited – confronting the city´s • government with a major challenge • mobil2010 aims to achieve its goals in the • following areas: • form and keep compact urban structures • free the inner city from through-traffic • extend local public transport system • and parking management

14. Cycling in Berlin • bicycle route network - 800 kilometers • mobil2010 - the city will promote cycling and will • increase the potential for bicycle use • for instance by making it possible to transport • bicycles on both regional and suburban trains • and on the underground • the target is to increase the modal split for • cycling from now 10% to 20% in the year 2015

15. Public Transport • modernisation of public transport vehicles has • been carried out continuously since reunification • BVG has introduced soot filters for 1000 of • 1400 buses • new buses which already fulfil Euro V standards • are now in service • trams have been refurbished • new low-floor trams have been introduced • tram tracks have been renewed • infrastructure measures in the tram network • focus on links with other forms of public • transport

16. new ticket ideas will replace the • paper ticket • the metrocard will combine the BVG ticket • with a car sharing concept • lifts have been installed in many train stations • to give better access for people with • disabilities and elderly people

17. Traffic Calming and Parking • 70% of Berlin´s road network – speed limit • of 30 km/h • main roads – 50 km/h • in residential areas speed reductions have been • extended • traffic calming areas are being enlarged • continuously • on-street parking charges have been introduced • in selected inner city and shopping areas

18. 2.3.2 Agenda 21 • What is Agenda 21? workplan for the 21st century – signed by 178 countries at the UN Conference for Environment and Development in Rio in 1992 • goals are: • enough jobs • healthy environment • social teamwork • - use the earth‘s resources efficiently • Agenda Forum – combination of representatives • from social groups and organisations

19. The Action Areas in Berlin are: • transport/ mobility • climate protection • social urban development/ social cohesion • participation of citizens • future work, sustainable regional development • potential • structural change toward an information society • education • Berlin in One World • gender fairness

20. My main Topic: Sustainable development in public transport • vision of Berlin as a city of sustainable mobility • - city of minimized transport needs • people and goods reach their everyday • destinations without problems • equal opportunities are available to all genders • and social groups Public and non-motorized transit is attractive, comfortable, simple to use and is well-adapted to the routines of everyday life.

21. The Local Agenda 21 names the following measures: • increase attractiveness and safety for • pedestrians and cyclists • increase attractiveness of public transport • systems • support environmentally-friendly freight • transport • traffic calming • reduction of air traffic

22. 2.4 Berlin public transport • Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB) – • system of collaboration between the various • public transport providers • 3.3 million passengers in Berlin • 1.7 million passengers in Brandenburg • Berlin – S-Bahn and BVG

23. 2.4.1 S-Bahn – Urban Trains

24. biggest part of the S-Bahn network has • existed for 100 years • now existing 331 km have been refurbished • during the last decade • S-Bahn serves the city area of Berlin • connects it with the surrounding region • rapid city transport system provides high • transport capacities • is able to move large flows of traffic over • large distances at high speeds • about 1 million passengers use the 16 lines • every day

25. 2.4.2 BVG – Berlin Transport Company The BVG provides subways, buses, trams and ferries. U – Bahn (Subway)

26. started in 1902 – one of the most modern • subway systems in all of Europe • well-known for its high levels of performance • emphasis on environmental responsibility • nine subway lines – 152 kilometers

27. Buses

28. January 1847 – first bus company with 20 • carriages and 120 horses serving 5 lines • 1929 – more than 620 buses • today: • 150 daytime bus lines • 54 night lines • length of the Berlin bus network amounts to • 1626 kilometers during the day • in the inner city are special bus lanes – • can only be used by buses, taxis and bicycles

29. 1898 Trams 2005

30. Trams are a major feature of the landscape • in many parts of the city • 187.7 km of tram tracks in Berlin • Trams feature • - outstanding speed • safety • punctuality • reliability The environmental friendliness of the trams is especially important for the highly polluted inner city.

31. 2.4.3 Umweltkarte – Environment Ticket • the VBB offers the Umweltkarte (Environment • Ticket) available as a monthly or yearly pass • you can use buses, trams, subways, urban trains • and ferries • the Environment Ticket is very cheap, compared • to buying day tickets, can used around the clock • pass is transferrable • on weekdays from 8 pm to 3 am and on weekends • you can take along one adult or three children • free of charge • for a small charge you can take along your bike

32. 2.5 Conclusion • The share of motorized individual transport in Berlin is still too high. Especially the inner city area must be relieved from burdens of traffic conditions such as noise and exhaust fumes. The City Administration has developed different plans supporting non-motorized transport.

33. Some of the measures are: - „bike + ride“ facilities at rail and subway stations - „park + ride“ facilities - transport of bikes on trams and trains - priority signaling for trams … The catalogue of measures must still be developed further with respect of sustainability.

34. 2.6 Impressions of transport in the inner city of Berlin

38. YOU CAN BE A HERO WITHOUT DEVASTATING THE EARTH. Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux