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Colonization and Settlement of America

Explore the reasons for the European exploration and colonization of America, including expanding populations and the desire for trade. Learn about the first European explorers, the treatment of Native Americans, and the impact of the Columbian Exchange. Discover the mysteries of the Roanoke Colony and the success and challenges of the Jamestown colony. Understand the development of the three regions of the English colonies: New England, Middle, and Southern.

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Colonization and Settlement of America

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  1. Colonization and Settlement of America

  2. Reasons for Exploration • Expanding populations—needed more space • Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain • Three G’s—in this order • 1. Gold *any riches (gold, silver, resources) Most important to most explorers • 2. God *to convert natives • 3. Glory *to make a name for themselves • First European explorers to reach the Americas were Vikings – Leif Eriksson – Canada – around 1000 A.D.

  3. Christopher Columbus – Caribbean - 1492 A.D. • Spain is first European country to permanently colonize the New World • Amerigo Vespucci—first European to map North and South America (1501) • Giovanni da Verrazzano – first European to reach North Carolina (1524) • Natives were treated poorly – Plantation System – used for agricultural (sugar cane) and mining work (gold and silver) • Columbian Exchange – movement of stuff (animals, plants, diseases, religions, knowledge, technology, culture, resources etc.) between Old World and New World • Old World – Europe/Africa/Asia • New World – North and South America

  4. Columbian Exchange Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxl9RPLwvC8

  5. Columbian exchange

  6. Sir Walter Raleigh & the Roanoke Colony • English aristocrat and explorer • Funded his own voyages • Supported by Queen Elizabeth I • 1584 - Landed at Roanoke Island • Made connections with local Native Americans • Decided to bring settlers back

  7. Roanoke Colony, cont. • 1585 – 108 soldiers come to Roanoke to establish first colony • 1586 – Colonists and Native Americans at “war,” and colony is abandoned • 1587 – Second settlement attempted • 117 colonists come to Roanoke • Governor John White

  8. Roanoke, cont. • 1590 – White returns to Roanoke, but finds the colony has disappeared • 1587 – John White returns to England to get supplies

  9. The mystery of the lost colonyVideo • http://www.schooltube.com/video/89c920dac3962b0ae572/ • What do you think happened to them?

  10. Jamestown and Roanoke colonies

  11. Jamestown • 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607 – established for profit – Virginia Company • John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco – made the colony successful), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith) • Colony almost did not survive – bad location • 1609-1610 – Starving Time – only 60 of 215 survive – colony survived because new colonists came each year. • 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

  12. Jamestown Timelinehttp://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html • 1609 • 500 more settlers come to Virginia • Relations with Native Americans grow tense 1610 September-May: The “Starving Time” reduces population to 60 (from 500-600) 1608 Settlers at Jamestown die in great numbers (38 of 104 remain)

  13. John Rolfe marries Pocahontas John Smith Pocahontas

  14. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in-jamestownhttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in-jamestown http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/articles/episode-1-rebels

  15. Jamestown Colony Roanoke Colony When? Where? Founder? Why was the colony founded?

  16. Jamestown Colony Roanoke Colony When? 1585 1607 Virginia NC Where? Founder? Sir Walter Raleigh The Virginia Company Why was the colony founded? **Expand England’s territory **Search for gold **Expand England’s territory **Search for gold **Grow crops

  17. Jamestown Colony Roanoke Colony What happened?

  18. Jamestown Colony Roanoke Colony **Settled on land poor for farming and most colonists were businessmen **Hostile towards local tribes **John White returned to England for supplies. When he returned to Roanoke > colonists had disappeared. **Captain John Smith said, “Those that don’t work, don’t eat” **Established trade relationship with Powhatan Indians **Tobacco helped Jamestown succeed and become the first permanent English colony What happened?

  19. Colonies developed different identities according to climate and charter

  20. English Colonies • Split into three regions • New England (MA, NH,RI,CN) – settled by many people seeking religious freedom –- Economy was based on fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding • Middle Colonies (NY, NJ,PA,DE) ––More of a mix coming for religious freedom and economic opportunities – more diverse backgrounds – farming and trade

  21. 13 Colonies • Southern Colonies –(MD, VA, NC, SC, GA) mostly came for economic opportunities • Economy was based on agriculture – Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo • Georgia – place for debtors and poor to live

  22. The New England Colonies • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire

  23. The Middle Colonies • New York • Delaware • New Jersey • Pennsylvania

  24. The Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

  25. 13 colonies map activity

  26. What caused each region to develop differently than the others? What prediction can you make for the future development of each region? (Use Concepts)

  27. Giovanni da Verrazzano • Italian explorer, commissioned by France • Discovers North Carolina in 1524 • First European since around 1000 AD to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland

  28. Carolina • Settled by members of the other colonies. Original settlers English. Granted a private company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in 1711. • Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco. • Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.” • Officially became a state on November 21, 1789.

  29. New England Pilgrims - Settled in Massachusetts in 1620 – Plymouth Puritans - Settled in Massachusetts in 1630 – Boston Wanted religious freedom Middle Colonies Catholics Quakers –William Penn More tolerant and diverse Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies

  30. Lords Proprietors – 8 noble supporters of Charles II, awarded Carolina in return for their support – 1663 • 1706 – Bath – first NC town • 1710 – New Bern founded – became 1st capital of NC • Three regions • 1. Coastal Plain in east – first region settled by Europeans • 2. Piedmont in central • 3. Mountains in west

  31. New Immigration • NC becomes royal colony in 1728. • New settlers • 1. Scots-Irish – settled in east • 2. Highland Scots – settled in east • 3. Germans and Moravians –settled in Piedmont – backcountry • Great Wagon Road – main route to travel through backcountry • Moravians – name their land Wachovia • 1766 – establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem • 4. Africans – brought as slaves – fewer than many other southern colonies

  32. Great Wagon Road

  33. Were the reasons why people immigrated to the 13 colonies similar to the reasons why people immigrate to America today?

  34. Economy/Social Structure • Economy – North Carolina was mostly agricultural. • Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo • Naval Stores – tar, pitch, turpentine • Trade was difficult due to NC’s lack of roads and difficult waterways.Mercantilism – the colonies existed for the economic benefit of England • Social Classes • 1. Gentry – rich planters, doctors, lawyers • 2. Artisans – craftsmen – blacksmith, cobblers • 3. Small Farmers – Yeomen – biggest group

  35. 4. Indentured Servants – poor people who bought their passage to America with their service. • 5. Slaves/Indians • Triangle Trade – three-part voyage • A. Europe to Africa – manufactured trade goods • B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves • C. America to Europe – raw materials (lumber, cotton, tobacco) • Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC over taxes and political power.

  36. Triangle Trade

  37. Early Government in the Colonies • Magna Carta – Even the King had to obey the law • English Bill of Rights – limited King’s power; gave representative government (Parliament) more power • Representative Government – the people elect representatives to speak for them in government • Mayflower Compact – first attempt at self-government in the English colonies • Town meetings – first form of American government in which all free men could participate

  38. House of Burgess – first representative government in America • Proprietary colony – privately-owned colony • Royal colony – government-run colony

  39. Which common theme did each of these government examples have that led to the colonists’ desire for independence?

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