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E-SURFMAR A Surface Marine Observation Programme in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas

E-SURFMAR A Surface Marine Observation Programme in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. By Pierre Blouch, Meteo-France E-SURFMAR Programme Manager Presented by Frank Grooters, KNMI. DBCP-20 Workshop - Chennai 18-19 October 2004. Operational buoys in North Atlantic (history-1).

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E-SURFMAR A Surface Marine Observation Programme in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas

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  1. E-SURFMARA Surface Marine Observation Programmein the North Atlantic and adjacent seas By Pierre Blouch, Meteo-FranceE-SURFMAR Programme Manager Presented by Frank Grooters, KNMI DBCP-20 Workshop - Chennai 18-19 October 2004

  2. Operational buoys in North Atlantic(history-1) • 1984 : COST-43 drifting buoy programme • Aim : to maintain permanently two drifting buoys in operation* at least, in the north of 50°N * i.e. reporting reliable air pressure data onto the GTS • 11 Participants : Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom 3 years later : 10 operating drifting buoys in average DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  3. Operational buoys in North Atlantic(history-2) • 1988 : EGOS (European Group on Ocean Stations) • More or less the same participants • Moored buoys are considered in the programme • Drifting buoys are provided on a voluntarily basis • First regional action group of the DBCP • Co-operation with the Global Drifter Programme • Endowed with a technical secretariat and a technical co-ordinator 2004 : 53 operating drifting buoys in average since the beginning of the year DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  4. Operational buoys in North Atlantic(future) • 2005 : EUCOS Surface Marine Programme (E-SURFMAR) takes over from EGOS • 15 participants to begin (28 potential) • Financial contributions according to GNIs • Still participating in the Global Drifter Programme • Apply to be action group of the DBCP • Endowed with a data buoy manager 2012 : 200 operating drifting buoys in average ? DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  5. What is E-SURFMAR ? • E-SURFMAR is an optional programmeof the EUMETNET Composite Observing System (EUCOS) By the end of 2004, EUMETNET meets19 European Meteorological Services.15 out of them are participating in E-SURFMAR • The initial programme (2 stages of 2 years each)started on 1st April 2003 • Meteo-France is the responsible member DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  6. E-SURFMAR main objectives • To co-ordinate, optimise and progressively integrate the activities for surface marine observations within the EUCOS Operational framework • Main EUCOS aim : to optimise the ground observing system to improve Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) over Europe DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  7. E-SURFMAR working • E-SURFMAR includes Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) operated by participating members… • … as well as the Data Buoysco-ordinated by EGOS until now • Each component of E-SURFMAR is fitted with a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) • The Data Buoy TAG will include the present EGOS members at least DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  8. E-SURFMAR ProgrammeDesign Study According to EUCOS aims, a study including : • a summary of the WMO requirements at the sea surface for regional NWP • an analysis of the required parameters which are (or should be) provided by the space segment • an inventory of the current in situ surface marineobservations available in the EUCOS area • a proposal for a surface marine network ableto improve the quality of NWP over Europe was carried out DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  9. E-SURFMAR Network Design StudyWMO requirements for regional NWP DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  10. E-SURFMAR Network Design Study – Space segmentSatellite measurements for NWP DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  11. E-SURFMAR Design Study – Current in situ systems Average number of VOS+Drifting buoys per 250 km x 250 km + DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  12. E-SURFMAR Design Study – Current in situ systemsNumber of EGOS drifting buoys in operation according to their type DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  13. Where to measure surface pressure Sensitive areas deduced from ‘climatological’ studies WINTERNorthern Europe According toMarseille & Bouttier2001 DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  14. E-SURFMAR Recommended Design : Drifting buoys EGOS deployments2002-2003 and Main shippingroutes used to DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  15. E-SURFMAR Recommended Design : Drifting buoys EGOS deployments2002-2003 and Mean surfacecurrent & SSTRick Lumpkin (CIMAS, U. Miami) DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  16. E-SURFMAR design studyAnalysis Satellites are unable to measure air pressure. However Observing System Exp. studies show that : • surface pressure observations are essential to anchor the surface pressure field • surface winds assimilated in isolation can have a detrimental impact on NWP SST, wind and wave measurements from satelliteneed in situ data for calibration and validation DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  17. E-SURFMAR Design StudyRecommendations • The increase of drifting buoysand VOS observations is proposed in the north of 30°Nfor air pressure. Target : every 225 km x 225 km • The use ofa few moored buoysis proposedfor thecalibration and the validation of wind and wavemeasurements from satelliteas well as for the validation of wave models DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  18. E-SURFMAR Recommended Design For air pressure : drifting buoys + shipborne AWS stations Difference between the proposal and the alternative is fewer than 3% in the totalbudget. The proposal offers a more balanced spread across observing systems. New AWS and drifting buoys report hourly observations=> close to the optimum requirement for NWP DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  19. E-SURFMAR Recommended Design4 moored buoys for wind and wave satellite datacalibration and validation (to be revised) Average number of VOS+Drifting buoys per 250 km x 250 km DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  20. E-SURFMAR Recommended designOther considerations for buoys • appointment and funding of a Data Buoy Manager • purchase of all drifting buoys (since 2005) • funding of communication costs for drifting buoys (for 2006 and beyond, normally) • compensations for the amortization and the maintenance of 4 moored buoys • joint contribution from participants to the DBCP fund (37 k€ in 2005 – replace national contributions from EUMETNET members) DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  21. E-SURFMAR Recommended designOther considerations for VOS • compensations for observations carried out by EUMETNET VOS • compensations for VOS communication (e.g. Inmarsat-C) • purchase of a few shipborne Automated WeatherStations (AWS) for voluntary members • search for communication costs reduction DBCP-20 Workshop – Chennai - 18-19 October 2004

  22. Thank you !

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