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"Energy efficiency and new technology challenges"

"Energy efficiency and new technology challenges". With emphasis on electric power systems. Krešimir Bakič Slovenian National committee CIGRE. Miločer, 16 May, 2011. Plan of presentation. Efficiency of energy systems Efficiency of electric power system

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"Energy efficiency and new technology challenges"

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  1. "Energy efficiency and new technology challenges" With emphasis on electric power systems Krešimir Bakič Slovenian National committee CIGRE Miločer, 16 May, 2011

  2. Plan of presentation • Efficiency of energy systems • Efficiency of electric power system • Advanced technologies for conversion to electricity • New technologies for networks • Posibilities to improve efficiency on demand side • E-mobility • Concludions K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  3. World energy/electricity system overview • Up to 2030 electricity consumption will increase two times faster than energy growth, • Installing capacity for electricity generation will increase even faster. Leading driver is ENERGY EFFICIENCY K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  4. Energy systems development drivers • GENERALY IN THE WORLD • Permanent increasing of demand and consumption • Reliability of the power systems, • Sustenability and reducion of CO2. Technology development drivers • EU • Competition, • Reliability and solidarity, • Sustenability and reducion of CO2 RELIABILITY RENEWABLES Key role play: research and development. Key for competition are innovations. Technology trends: Quality, Reliability, Increasing utilization, more ICT involved, Reduction of dimensions, shorter supply time. ENERGY SECTOR FOCUS: Integration of renewables and non carbon technologies. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Leading driver is ENERGY EFFICIENCY K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  5. Energy system chain and impact of future technologies * In 1980 this factor was 15% for USA and Europe K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  6. Energy system losses Directive 2006/32/ES from April 5, 2006 on Energy efficiency on demand side and energy services. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  7. Electric power system – value chain G 50-60% 1000 €/kW T 7-14% 300 €/kW D 25-36% 900 €/kW Slovenia K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  8. Electric power system efficiency 88 % loss Incandescent light 65 % loss 9 % loss G coal ~3 % electricity electricity 100 % 30 % 28 % Needs to increase efficiency with new technology: conversion level, demand side. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  9. Technologies for conversions to electricity Efficiency of technology for TPP PCC lignite power plants with larger units have better efficiency (39-46%) Future TPP will operate with 350 bar/700 0C, and efficiency about 50%. PPC … pulverized coal combustion IGCC … integrated gasification combined cycle FBC …fluidized bed combustion CCS … carbon capture and storage Source: IEA, NEA, Projected cost of generating electricity, 2010. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  10. Technologies for conversions to electricity Efficiency of technology for NPP Efficiency of NPP: 33% Efficiency of technology for gas power plants Source: IEA, NEA, Projected cost of generating electricity, 2010. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  11. Technologies for conversions to electricity Renewable sources WP- onshore technology will improve up to 2020 (average spec. cost should be about 1000 Euro/kW) WP- offshore technology will improve up to 2020 (average spec. cost should be about 2000-2 300 Euro/kW) PV will drastic reduce cost. Up to 2030 should be1000-1200 Euro/kW. Source: IEA, NEA, Projected cost of generating electricity, 2010. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  12. Potential generation from RES K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  13. EU Projects of massive RES Wind 300 GW 25 000 km2 5000 x 10 km

  14. pepei.pennnet.com EU Projects of massive RES Solar 700 GW 8000 km2 90 x 90 km

  15. Transmission system technologies • Milestones: • -1885 invention of TR • 1888 AC polyphase machine • 1891 first 3p AC transmission • 1952 UCPTE • 1974 YU connected with UCPTE • 1989 E&W liberalization • 1999 EU - IEM First idea on pan-european network - 1930 K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  16. Technologies for transmission and distribution Tehnologije za prenos in distribucijo • ENTSO-E organization of former UCTE, UKTSOA NORDEL, ATSOI, BALTSO, ETSO. • All together 42 TSO from 34 countries. • Supply 525 milion people in 2010 • 880 GW install power and 270,000 km network • 3,300 TWh/a and about 400 TWh/a exchange 1956 Average losses in transmission and distribution network 1974 2008

  17. Tehnologije za prenos in distribucijo • New materials for conductors and other system elements, • Superconducting elements (HTS), • Electricity storage systems, • ICT , sensors, control, • Dispersed sources technologies, • FACTS, HVDC,

  18. Tehnologije za prenos in distribucijo Electricity storage technologies Source: K. Bakic, Tehnologije shranjevanja električne energije, 2010 K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  19. New technology for transmission 3 Commercial aplications in USA in 07-08: HTS system - L=609 m; cost about 40 MUSD

  20. Posibilities to improve efficiency on demand side • Lighting examples (appr. 12% consumption) 36 % 0.2% 0.3% 4 % LED = light-emitting diode Edison 21.10.1879

  21. E-mobility • Impact of electrical vehicles on efficiency Example: 100.000 cars with annual 15.000 km/car means average fuel consumption of 1500 l/car or total 1.500 GWh (gasoline). Equivalent EV for same path would spent 250 GWh of electricity from renewables (Hydro, wind, solar, biogas). For LV level its mean 10% increasing consumption in energy but in power it can be more than 50% - huge problem. We should recognize differences between energy and power (condition for designing of network) K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  22. E-mobility • Case study for BMW Mini-E: • 35 kWh battery needs for filling about 4-5 hours (32 A/220V) • Consumption is 140 Wh/km = ca. 7 km/kWh • One filling equal about 220 km. • Cost for filling in high tariff is about 5 €. • Car for rent is 650 € per month. • On the market in 2012. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  23. conclusions • New technology enables increasing energy efficiency at all levels of energy value chain, • Last decades energy efficiency increased very high at the energy conversions part of chain by new technology improvements and attained almost 50% . Energy efficiency is particular important in thermal power systems, • More renewable sources we have in our system , less important is energy efficiency , • Evaluation for possibilities of reducing losses in T&D sector have shown about 30%. • The largest improvements of energy efficiency we can expect on demand side by smart grids technology and e-mobility implementation. K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  24. Thank you for your attention! K. Bakič, NC CIGRE Slovenia

  25. Razvoj tehnologija mjerenja električne energije Pametna brojila - 2000 1882 – Edisonov mjerač potrošnje električne energije

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