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Discover the role of English coffee houses in the Enlightenment era, neoclassical art's shift from Baroque extravagance, and powerful propaganda in Jacques-Louis David's artworks. Explore how political ideologies influenced art during the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. Uncover the symbolic representations and political messages embedded in neoclassical masterpieces. Learn about key artworks like the "Oath of the Horatii," "The Death of Marat," and David's portrayal of Napoleon. Dive into the political nuances of art and propaganda during a transformative period in history.
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You need a piece of paper for notes, and the handout from the front of the room
Opener • What was the role of English Coffee houses (“penny universities”) during the Enlightenment? • Describe an Enlightenment philosophical idea that inspired the French and American Revolutions. • The Baroque era was represented by art that focused on drama and emotion, while the Enlightenment focused on what?
Neoclassical Art If It’s Baroque, trash it
Neoclassical Era1750-1825 • “New Classics” • Moved away from the opulence and excess of the Baroque style, in favor of the reserved sophistication of classical art, depicting heroes that reflected the desires of the French Revolution, • The era will see the fall of Louis XVI, the French Revolution, the crowning of Napoleon, and a newly forming United States.
Why the change? • Ideas of The Enlightenment • Reason over Emotion • French and American Revolutions • Newly discovered ruins from antiquity • Excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum shed new light on a classical civilization.
Antiquity Rediscovered • As the ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum were discovered, people were given a window into a thriving Roman world. • Connection to Democracy of Greece and Republic of Rome. • Artifacts were found that showed individuals exactly what the style of antiquity looked like. • A civilization frozen in time • As you watch the following clip, answer the following question: • Politically, how might this have been an interesting time for these archeological discoveries? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mg0j7Uzsg0&feature=related
How did it change?Neoclassical Characteristics • Sharp outlines • Deliberate composition (Geometric Arrangements) • Cool, but impactful, colors • “Classical” subjects with moral implications • Reason over Emotion – The leaders of the Enlightenment distrusted emotion as a guide to truth.
Sculpture Bernini • How are they different? Donatello Canova Michelangelo
Jacques-Louis David • 1748-1825 • French painter and political activist • Studied in Rome • Influenced by the classical style • Highly influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution • In life and art • Political Flip-Flopper • Aligned himself (and his art) with whoever was in power. • Louis XVI • Revolution • Robespierre • Napoleon • Use of Propaganda • ………
Jacques-Louis David’sArtistic Characteristics • Strong attention to detail • Clean lines • Muted, cool, colors • “Reserved” Drama • Depicted great men • Heroes of Antiquity • Political leaders of his time • Saw art as a way to reeducate the people • Use of powerful and skillful propaganda
Oath of Horatii • Commissioned by Louis XVI • References Enlightenment values while alluding to Rousseau’s social contract • Highlights the hopes of the French Revolution • Brothers self sacrifice for their country. • Extolled classical virtues of stoicism, masculinity and patriotism • Anti-Monarchy sentiment
The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons • Sacrifice family for country • Sharp scissors • Brutus’ twisted feet • Dark contrast in lighting between Brutus and his wife
Death of MaratWho was he? • Political fanatic and journalist of the French Revolution • Friend of David • Used his influence to condemn hundreds of people to death during the Reign of Terror • Suffered from a terrible skin disease which caused him to itch horribly • Murdered by Charlotte Corday
Simon Schama’sPower of ArtDavid As you watch the following video, answer the questions on the overhead on the back of your handout of Napoleon.
Death of Marat as Propaganda-Historical- • Skin • Head compress • Letter in hand • Desk • Bathtub • Knife • Wound
Death of Marat as Propaganda-Symbolism- • Skin • Letter in hand • Letter and money on desk • Desk • Bathtub • Knife • Background • Quill pen • Sheets = Shroud • Positioning of body
MichelangeloPieta Caravaggio Entombment of Christ David Death of Marat
Jacques-Louis David’sNapoleon • Depicts Emperor Napoleon in his study • Is this painting propaganda? • What if I told you that Napoleon never actually stood for this painting?
What’s Really Going On? You are going to read an article that discusses Jacques-Louis David’s portrait of Napoleon 2) You will then fill out your painting guide, by identifying the symbolic propaganda aspects of the work
…More PropagandaNapoleon • Clock & Candles • Disheveled appearance • Uniform, Sword, Campaign Maps • Rolled papers- Code Napoleon • Books • Soldier, Emperor and Administrator • Napoleon hired David to be his court painter because he could produce powerful propaganda
Just a simple painter? • Jacques-Louis David’s self-portrait • Simple painter or powerful political figure? • How is he using propaganda here?
Exit Slip • If you were going to explain it to someone, how would you characterize Neoclassical art? • Name two ways in which Marat is depicted as Christ-like.
