Major Events during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

1. Major Events during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

2. Who was the first president of the United States? • George Washington

3. Define politicalparty. • A group of people with similar beliefs about how to run the government.

4. What were the first two political parties? • Federalists • Democratic-Republicans ( also called simply Republicans)

5. Who led the Federalists? • Alexander Hamilton • John Adams

6. What were the beliefs of the Federalists? • Strong national government • Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)

7. What groups supported the Federalists? • Bankers • Businessmen

8. What part of the country gave the Federalists their strongest support? • Northeast (New England)

9. Who led the Republicans? • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison

10. What were the beliefs of the Democratic-Republicans? • Weak national government • Strong state governments • Agricultural economy (farming)

11. What region gave the strongest support to the Democratic-Republicans? • The South

12. What groups supported the Democratic-Republicans? • Farmers • Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen) • Frontier Settlers

13. Who was elected president in 1800? • Thomas Jefferson

14. What president bought the Louisiana Territory? • Thomas Jefferson

15. From what country did the United States purchase the Louisiana Territory? • France

16. How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of the United States? • Doubled it

17. Who did President Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory? • Lewis and Clark

18. Where did the Louisiana Territory lie? • West of the Mississippi River

19. Who was the guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition? • Sacajawea

20. What war lasted from 1812 to 1815? • The War of 1812

21. What two countries fought the War of 1812? • The United States • Great Britain

22. What territory did the United States claim after the War of 1812? • The Oregon Territory

23. What territory did the United States acquire in 1819? • Florida

24. From what country did the United States acquire Florida? • Spain

25. Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the first 30 years of the 19th century? • John Marshall

26. To what political party did John Marshall belong? • The Federalists

27. Why were the Marshall court’s decisions important? • Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the United States government

28. How did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v. Madison? • Declared a federal law unconstitutional

29. What is the power of judicial review? • A court’s power to declare a law unconstitutional

30. What is the Supreme Court’s main check on the power of Congress? • Judicial Review

31. How did the Marshall court rule in McCulloch v. Maryland? • Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the federal government • Declared a Maryland state law unconstitutional

32. Who said “the power to tax is the power to destroy”? • John Marshall

33. Why was McCulloch v. Maryland important? • Established the power of the federal government over the states • Strengthened the federal courts’ power of judicial review

34. What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve? • Foreign Policy

35. What set forth the basic principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th century? • The Monroe Doctrine

36. What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?

37. No more European colonies in the Americas • Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchies • If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United States • U.S. would stay out of European affairs

38. What continents are in the Western Hemisphere? • North America • South America

39. What is a republic? • A Representative Democracy • The People elect representatives to make the laws

40. Who rules in monarchies? • Kings and Queens

41. What was the mostimportant point of the Monroe Doctrine? • European countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

42. What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ? • American presidents would consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries meddled with countries in the Western Hemisphere

43. What were two trends in American life during the first half of the 19th century? • Westward Movement • Economic Development

44. What type of economy developed in the North during the first half of the 19th century? • An Industrial Economy

45. What two transportation improvements encouraged westward movement and economic development? • Canals • Railroads

46. Who invented the cotton gin? • Eli Whitney

47. What did the cotton gin do? • Separated cotton seeds from the cotton fiber

48. What did the cotton gin cause to spread throughout the Deep South? • The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American slavery

49. Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the demand for slaves? • Increased

50. What resulted from American immigration into Texas? • An armed revolt against Mexican rule