1 / 9

Centra Dogma Primer

Centra Dogma Primer. Structure of DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids made of nucleotides G , A, T/U, C Ribose vs. deoxyribose Template-dependent synthesis Double helix Complementary pairing, A = T, G = C Genetic code Order of nucleotides specifies amino acids. DNA Double Helix.

connor-blake
Download Presentation

Centra Dogma Primer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Centra Dogma Primer

  2. Structure of DNA and RNA • Nucleic acids made of nucleotides • G, A, T/U, C • Ribose vs. deoxyribose • Template-dependent synthesis • Double helix • Complementary pairing, A = T, G = C • Genetic code • Order of nucleotides specifies amino acids

  3. DNA Double Helix

  4. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • DNA makes RNA makes protein • DNA is transcribed into mRNA (nucleus) which is translated into protein (cytoplasm) • Transcription of genes relies on the interaction of DNA binding proteins with the regulatory elements of the gene (promoter) • Some genes are activated in all cell types (housekeeping genes) and are regulated by ubiquitous promoters) • Some genes are activated in a restricted manner (tissue-specific genes) and are regulated by tissue-specific promoter and enhancer sequences

  5. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • Pre-mRNA matures by splicing (the removal of intervening sequences) and polyadenylation (the addition of poly A tracts to the 3’ end), processes believed to stabilize mRNA and assist in its transport to the cytoplasm • Some mRNA transcripts are differentially splicedgiving rise to proteins which may have different functions

  6. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • Translation of mature mRNA occurs in the cytoplasmand involves the interaction with tRNAand rRNAcomplexes • Codonsdictate where translation starts (AUG), stops (UAA, UAG, UGA), and which amino acidsto incorporate into the growing polypeptide chain • Any mutations which have resulted in the additionor removal of nucleotides can alter thereading frame resulting in the translation of non- sense proteins or premature termination oftranslation.

  7. Proteins and Biological Function • Proteins are end products of gene expression • “Limitless” variety possible • n20 • Conformation determined by linear order of amino acids • Many functions • Enzymes • Immunoglobulins • Structural proteins • Mobility • Many more

  8. Play Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3HVVi2k2No

  9. Videos • RNAi discovered • RNAi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMlv8qexahU • PCR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xe27o3K_DbU • rtPCR (funny) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qODtx25SXfo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5udFjWDM3E

More Related