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CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS (Cont.) Week 4

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS (Cont.) Week 4. Matakuliah : V0052 Tahun : 2008. Learning Outcomes. On completion of this unit, the students should be able to identify and recognize major barriers to effective cross-cultural communication.

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CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS (Cont.) Week 4

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  1. CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS(Cont.) Week 4 Matakuliah : V0052 Tahun : 2008

  2. Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit, the students should be able to identify and recognize major barriers to effective cross-cultural communication. Mahasiswa dapat mengidentifikasikan dan mengenali jenis-jenis hambatan pada komunikasi antar budaya. HO 0708

  3. Subjects • Non-verbal communication • Preconception and Stereotypes • Tendency to make judgment • Stress level and work place issue HO 0708

  4. Week 4Preconceptions and Stereotypes • Stereotypes are sets of attitudes or beliefs in which qualities or characteristics are attributed to a person according to the group of people to which the individual belongs • We create a stereotypes when we categorize people according to traits of dress, behavior, physical appearance, and ignore all else about them HO 0708

  5. Week 4Negative Effects on Communication • Danger of stereotypes to effective communication: • Stereotypes are rigid, resistant to change, often incorrect and usually unfavorable and judgemental • The over generalized attitudes prevent objective perception and openness to individual differences • They cause us to assume that a widely held believe is true when it may not be HO 0708

  6. Week 4Example of Stereotypes • Shaheen (1984) cited the four Western myths about Arabs as shown on television: “Arabs are wealthy, barbaric, sex maniacs and terrorist-minded” • Asian-American become associated with the stereotype of the “model minority” who achieved success through hard work, perseverance, silent stoicism, strong family ties, and strong support for education HO 0708

  7. Week 4Avoiding Preconceptions and Stereotypes • Become aware of you own preconceptions and stereotypes of the guests’ culture • Beware of media stereotyping • Re-interpret the guests’ behavior from their own cultural perspective • Don’t make assumptions and take things for granted • Be willing to adapt and change your own stereotypes to fit your new experiences • Treat your international guests as you do all your guests – as individuals HO 0708

  8. Week 4Prejudice • Prejudice refers to the irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation (Rothenberg, 1992) HO 0708

  9. Week 4Tendency to Make Judgments • Tendency to judge is largely due to ethnocentrism • Ethnocentrism is negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture • To be ethnocentric is to believe in the superiority of one’s own culture. HO 0708

  10. Week 4Avoiding Inappropriate Judgments • Known your own cultural values • Be aware of ethnocentrism (making judgments based on ones own standards and applying those standards in judging others from different cultural backgrounds) • Be objective • Be aware of cultural differences in standards and norms of behavior in other cultures • Don’t judge someone from another culture by your own cultural values until you have to know them and their cultural values HO 0708

  11. Week 4High Level of Stress at Works • Long hours • Late hours • Shift work • High level of customer contact • Physically demanding • Many cross-cultural situations HO 0708

  12. Week 4Reducing Stress and Anxiety • Increase knowledge and understanding of the cultural backgrounds of your guests • Aware of the stress factor HO 0708

  13. Week 4Identifying Workplace Issue • With Guests: • Difficulty with language on menus, check-in, hotel directory, facilities usages, signs, safety, medical needs • With Colleagues: • Family obligations • Religion/holidays • Work ethics • Family structure HO 0708

  14. QUESTIONS? HO 0708

  15. Group Discussion • Develop a list of situations that can cause communication problems in the workplace for international guests • Suggest strategies to reduce the problems HO 0708

  16. Review Questions 3 • What are the negative effects of ethnocentrism on communication? • What is prejudice? Give examples. • Explain why the level of stress at the work place may cause barrier in communication. HO 0708

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