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European environmental scenarios of chemical bioavailability in freshwater systems

This presentation discusses the framework, objectives, exposure model, scenario development, and results of European environmental scenarios related to chemical bioavailability in freshwater systems. It highlights the need for more dynamic and realistic models and scenarios in Environmental Risk Assessment.

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European environmental scenarios of chemical bioavailability in freshwater systems

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  1. European environmental scenarios of chemical bioavailabilityin freshwater systems Melissa Morselli1, Giuseppe Morabito2, Paul Van den Brink3, Frederik De Laender4, and Antonio Di Guardo1 * 1 Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy 2 National Research Council, Institute for Ecosystem Study, Verbania-Pallanza, Italy 3 Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 5 University of Namur, Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Ecology, Belgium * e-mail: antonio.diguardo@uninsubria.it SETAC Brussels, May 11th, 2017

  2. Presentation outline 1.Framework and objectives 2.Exposure model: ChimERA fate Model background Improvement (phytoplankton, detritus and DOM dynamics) 3.Scenario development 4.Results  Scenario description  Bioavailable concentrations in the different scenarios 5.Conclusions and ongoing work

  3. Exposure  Steady-state models  Constant chemical emissions  Static scenarios (no environmental-ecological dynamics) Lack of ecological realism and relevance Simplicity, low amount of input data Framework and objectives (1) Models EnvironmentalRiskAssessment Many chemicals + ecosystem complexity  simple standardized models Among the new challenges for ERA: more dynamic and realistic models and scenarios…

  4. Issues General lack of data concerning environmental/ecological dynamics Sampling campaigns to produce data with high temporal and spatial resolution are often expensive and difficult to carry out 5 realistic environmental scenarios for shallow water bodies representative of different European conditions Temporal profiles of water temperature + autochthonous phytoplankton biomass, detritus and dissolved organic matter Framework and objectives (2) Evidences Variability of exposure concentrations (environmental heterogeneity) Importance of including temporal dynamics of biomass and organic phases in models and scenarios

  5. Chemical emission Det DOM Contaminatedsediment Exposure model: ChimERA fate (1) Background * Model unit • Compartments/sub-compartments: water, sediment, detritus, dissolved organic matter (DOM), macrophytes • Layered sediment • Output: hourly chemical concentrations in all compartments + chemical fluxes * Morselli et al. (2015) Sci Total Environ 526, 338-345

  6. Exposure model: ChimERA fate (2) Background * Spatialization Chemical emission Simplified pond (side view) * Morselli et al. (2015) Sci Total Environ 526, 338-345

  7. Chemical emission Det DOM Contaminatedsediment Exposure model: ChimERA fate (3) Improvements * • Phytoplankton compartment included (exchanging chemical with water) ** • Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) included to calculate temporal profiles of phytoplankton biomass, detritus and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations * Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246 ** Del Vento and Dachs (2002) Environ Toxicol Chem 21(10), 2099-2107

  8. Exposure model: ChimERA fate (4) Improvements * ODEs Phyto ** Det ** Solved simultaneously with chemical mass balance (5th-order accurate, diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta with adaptive time stepping) DOM *** * Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246 ** De Laender et al. (2015) Environ Int 74, 181-190 *** De Laender et al. (2008) Chemosphere 71, 529-545

  9. Scandinavia UK Central Europe Northern Italy Mediterranean Scenario development (1) • 5 realistic scenarios for meso-eutrophic, lowland, shallow water bodies located at different latitudes • Temporal (annual) profiles of water temperature, phytoplankton biomass, detritus and DOM concentration • Data from a reference water body + ODE parameterization

  10. Scenario development (2) Ref. water body Lake Candia • Piedmont Region, Northern Italy • Meso-eutrophic small (1.26 km2) and shallow lake (avg. depth 4.7 m) • Data available for all the parameters of interest • Measurements performed at least on a monthly basis for years

  11. Results: scenario description Temperature Detritus 0.7 30 0.6 25 0.5 20 0.4 T (°C) Detritus (mg C L-1) 15 0.3 10 0.2 5 0.1 0 0 Phytoplankton DOC 8 4 7 3.5 6 3 5 2.5 Biomass (mg w.w. L-1) 4 2 DOC (mg C L-1) 3 1.5 2 1 1 0.5 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D Mediterranean Northern Italy Central Europe UK Scandinavia Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246

  12. Results: bioavailable concentrations PCB52 1.6E-02 1.2E-02 Conc. (ng L-1) 8.0E-03 4.0E-03 0.0E+00 PCB153 1.6E-02 1.2E-02 Conc. (ng L-1) 8.0E-03 4.0E-03 0.0E+00 PCB208 5.0E-03 4.0E-03 3.0E-03 Conc. (ng L-1) 2.0E-03 1.0E-03 0.0E+00 J F M A M J J A S O N D Mediterranean Northern Italy Central Europe UK Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246 Scandinavia

  13. Results: exposure variability vs. log KOW Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246

  14. Results: depleting capacity of scenarios % depletion Predicted depletion (%) with respect to maximum concentrations as a function of log KOW and POC concentration (mg/L) for two scenarios Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246

  15. Phytoplankton European scenarios Exposure variations Conclusions (1) Di Guardo et al. (2017) Sci Total Environ 580, 1237-1246

  16. Conclusions (2) • ChimERA fate: useful tool for predicting exposure dynamics in shallow water environments (now includes primary producers and carbon dynamics) • Dynamic realistic scenarios for meso-eutrophic shallow water bodies developed → investigation of potential exposure variations at different latitudes Future work • Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses • Calibration and validation(literature + experiments) • Scenario improvement, e.g., considering allochthonous carbon Related work • Coupling between ChimERA fate and effect models (TK/TD-IBM sub-models)

  17. Acknowledgements The ChimERA project was financed by the Long-range Initiative of CEFIC (www.cefic-lri.org) (project code: LRI-ECO19) Thanks for your attention

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