Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Policies

1. Global Climate Change Alliance: Intra-ACP Programme Training ModuleMainstreaming Climate Change Module 3Why and How Mainstreaming climate change into national policies and strategies Ms Isabelle MamatySenior ExpertClimate Support Facility

2. Why and how Mainstreaming CC into national policies and strategies • Learning objectives: • To understand why it is important to mainstream climate change (CC) into development planning • To understand the different steps of the mainstreaming of CC into development planning • Expected outcomes: • Increased knowledge on mainstreaming steps • Increased knowledge on mainstreaming tools

3. What is mainstreaming,and why mainstream climate change?

4. From project-based approaches... Source: World Bank (2010a) WDR 2010 • Project-based adaptation approaches such as those developed in NAPAs are a first step in the right direction: • Contribution to national capacity building • Involvement of stakeholders at grassroots level • Identified projects usually correspond to real priorities and involve wider developmental benefits • But there are also problems, notably: • Poor institutional arrangements for implementation • Low capacity for adaptation planning and implementation

5. ... to climate change mainstreaming • In the medium and long term, standalone projects are unlikely to meet all adaptation and mitigation requirements in a cost-effective, scalable manner • There is a strong case for mainstreaming climate change into all development planning, both at strategic planning levels and in local development

6. What is mainstreaming? • The mainstream: the prevailing or dominant course, current, tendency or way of thinking • Mainstreaming: the informed integration of a relevant value, theme or concern into the decisions of institutions that drive national, local and sectoral development policy, rules, plans, investment and action (adapted from Dalal-Clayton & Bass 2009) • Institutional strengthening and change and capacity building are at the heart of any mainstreaming effort • Integrated and shared response to the complexity and challenges of sustainable development

7. Objectives of mainstreaming • Mainstreaming is a long-term, iterative process aimed at: • transforming ideas • even more importantly, transforming policies, resource allocations and practices • in order to: • promote desired developmental outcomes (with regard to gender, environment, climate change, governance, human rights, ...) • and support integrated solutions to human problems

8. Why mainstream climate change? • Climate change is a potentially significant threat to on-going development / poverty reduction efforts • Pursuing economic growth is necessary but not sufficient to respond to climate-related challenges • Climate change impacts are complex and require coordination across multiple sectors • Standalone responses to climate change may distort development priorities and foster maladaptation • An adequate, strategically designed response can bring significant developmental benefits

9. Why mainstream climate change at strategic planning levels? (1) National level Biophysical impacts Sector 1 Sector coordination More: -integrated -effective -efficient -sustainable responses Sector 2 Allocation of resources across sectors Socio-economic impacts Sector 3

10. Why mainstream climate change at strategic planning levels? (2) National level Sector level Overall guiding policy framework Operationalisation and implementation of national policies National legislation/regulation Sector-specific legislation/regulation Exercise of some key functions Own initiatives, development of capacities & good practices Management of international relations Transboundary cooperation on climate-relevant issues Wider pool of resources Wider ownership of response More widespread capacity and institution building Source: OECD (2009a)

11. Why mainstream climate change at lower levels of governance? Best levels for observing / understanding development and climate change impacts Vulnerability and adaptive capacity are context-specific Sub-national and local levels Most adaptation options require local implementation Potential for piloting / pioneering initiatives Source: OECD (2009a)

12. How mainstreaming climate change ?

13. Finding the entry points and making the case Mainstreaming CC into policy and planning processes Meeting the implementation challenge Preliminary assessments Understanding the science Understanding CC–development linkages Understanding climate-related uncertainties Collecting country-specific evidence and influencing policy processes Mainstreaming CC in (sub)national and sector policies, strategies, programmes Budgeting and financing Mainstreaming CC in the budgetary process Mod1 Mod3 Mod6 Mod2 Mainstreaming CC in monitoring systems Performance assessment frameworks Mod9 Raising awareness and building partnerships National consensus and commitment to climate-resilient, low-emission development Mod7 Mod4 Costing, assessing and selecting adaptation and mitigation options and measures Supporting policy measures National, sector and sub-national levels Mod10 Mod5 Strengthening institutions and capacities Needs assessment Working mechanisms Strengthening institutions and capacities Learning by doing Strengthening institutions and capacities Mainstreaming as standard practice Mod8 Mod8 Mod8 Engaging stakeholders and coordinating within the development community Adapted from: UNDP-UNEP (2009) Figure 3.1, p. 15

14. Main entry points in the national and sector policy cycles Allocate funding for climate-specific actions Recognise climate risks Include climate considera-tions in project selection criteria Include climate-related programmes/ projects (sectoral and cross-sectoral) Incorporate climate-related activities Relocate funding to vulnerable or priority sectors/ regions Adapted from: Olhoff & Schaer (2010) Fig. 1, p. 10

15. Entry points for mainstreaming in the policy cycle Finding the entry points & making the case Mainstreaming CC into policy & planning processes Agenda setting Policy making National development planning Implementation & monitoring Meeting the implementation challenge Adapted from: UNDP-UNEP (2009) Figure 3.2, p. 15

16. Key institutional requirementsfor effective mainstreaming e.g. office of prime minister, ministries of finance/budget/planning Powerful champions at national level Cross-sectoral & cross-level coordination, cooperation Integration of new thinking, new research in planning & monitoring systems & processes Effective mainstreaming Experience sharing, dissemination of good practices Strengthening of capacities of stakeholders at various scales Timely stakeholder participation at various scales

17. Key institutional requirementsfor effective mainstreaming • Availability and quality of : • Climate related information and evidence • climate information; • socio-economic analyses of key linkages between climate change and development • Institutional strengthening and capacity building • assessments of costs and benefits of climate change adaptation activities; • resources and commitment to support continuous capacity building and institutional strengthening • resources and technical capacity • The level of engagement of a broad range of stakeholders at all levels; • Existence of and possibility for technical support; • A mix of ‘Top-down’ and ‘Bottom-up’ approaches.

18. Key stakeholders Ministries of Finance, Planning, Development Ministries with sector-specific competences Sector management agencies Donor agencies Members of Parliament Sub-national / local governments Civilsociety organisations Local citizens & organisations Private sector Research organisations Local private sector

19. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation National policies & strategies National level incl. sectors Stakeholder approach Focused on prevailing socio-economic & environmental conditions and on ‘social vulnerability’ Model- and scenario-driven Focused on physical impacts and ‘biophysical vulnerability’ Adaptation Top-down Bottom-up Subnational levels (local in particular) Community-based adaptation, pilot projects Freely adapted from Dessai & Hulme (2004)

20. Roles & responsibilities ofmain stakeholders Adapted from: Schipper et al (2008)

21. Turning words into action

22. Discussion What are the opportunities to mainstreaming climate change in your sector or at your level and what are the institutional and capacity needs in your organisation to do so? • Questions and answers • Mainstreaming climate change into national policies and strategies

23. Presentation of case studies • Presentation of case studies of strategic documents that have mainstreamed climate change • identification of best practices in mainstreaming climate change

24. Learning process exercise: Working group • Exercise: select a strategic national or sectoral document of the specific country and analyse how climate change has been integrated in this document

25. Recap – Key messages • There is a strong case for mainstreaming climate change into all development planning • There are entry points for mainstreaming climate change at all stages of the policy cycle • Mainstreaming climate change at strategic planning levels supports more integrated, effective, efficient and sustainable responses • But top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation are complementary and mainstreaming is also justified at local level • Evidence supports both the engagement of key actors and the development of a communication and advocacy strategy

26. Key references • EC (2009a) EC Cooperation: Responding to Climate Change – ‘Sector scripts’ series. European Commission, Brussels • EC (2009b) Guidelines on the Integration of Environment and Climate Change in Development Cooperation. European Commission, Brussels • OECD (2012): Integrating Climate change Adaptation into Development Co-operation, policy guidance, revised version • UNDP (2011) Practitioner’s Guide: Capacity Development for Environmental Sustainability. United Nations Development Programme, New York • UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative • UNDP – Integrating environment into development: http://www.undp.org/mainstreaming/

27. Thank you Contact: Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat pendomaro@acp.int or +32 495 281 494www.gcca.eu/intra-acp