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Psychology of Motivation . Myers Ch. 7A Daniel Pink, "Drive" . What motivates you ? Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic . Five theories. 1) Hedonic principle: experience pleasure/avoid pain Very Freudian/psychoanalytic Thanatos /Eros. Five Theories. 2) Instinct Theory—evolutionary/innate behavior
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Psychology of Motivation Myers Ch. 7A Daniel Pink, "Drive"
Five theories • 1) Hedonic principle: experience pleasure/avoid pain • Very Freudian/psychoanalytic • Thanatos/Eros
Five Theories • 2) Instinct Theory—evolutionary/innate behavior • Rooting instinct
Five theories • 3) Drive Theory –we are motivated to reduce a drive to return to homeostasis...i.e., food, sex, temperature • Hull’s drive reduction theory • What is NOT explained by this theory?
Watching sad movies • Climbing mountains • Attending college • Read books • Etc...
Five Theories • 4) Arousal Theory—we are driven to experience stimulation—even if we are not hungry, have no desire to mate, and are perfectly physiologically content....we still do stuff. • 8A-2 and 8A-3
Five theories • 5) Humanistic Theory: humans strive to obtain self-actualization • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • 8A-4 and 8A-5
The Drive for hunger • “Alive Clip”
The drive for hunger • The hypothalamus • Lateral hypothalamus—on switch—ghrelin • Ventromedial hypothalamus—off swithc—leptin
Eating disorders • Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa-- • Multiple causal factors
Causes/Perspectives 1) Cognitive • distorted body image • feelings of control 2) Biological—primarily females—dopamine • SciAmMind“Wired to Starve”—predisposition • Very high levels of ghrelin 3) Social—primarily females • Average woman=5’4” and 140 lbs • Average model =5’11” and 117 lbs.
Eating disorders • Obesity—the average American is 18 pounds heavier than they were in the 1970s. • 40% of American women are too heavy to enlist in the military • In 1991 no state had an obesity rate of higher than 20%. Now CO is the only state below.
Causes? • Biological—leptin resistant • Social • Evolutionary— • attraction to foods that are high in energy • Developed ability to store excess food energy in the form of fat—worked well in the savannah but now we live in the equivalent of candyland
Solutions? • Our body is designed to resist weight loss • 1) gaining weight is an increase in both the size and number of fat cells…losing weight is just a decrease in size but the number of fat cells stays the same. • 2) lose weight by decreasing metabolism (rate of energy used)—when you diet your body goes into famine mode which then finds more efficient ways to convert food to fat.
TED: DIETING TALK • Diet Assessments 8A-7, 8A-9
Sexual Motivation • Johnson and Masters: Forty Studies • Sexual Attraction • Sexual Orientation • DSM diagnosis • Nature/nurture debate • TED “50 Shades of Gay” • TED: Cultural Factors • TED: “Love—you’re doing it wrong”
