Integrated Natural Resource Management(INRM) under MGNREGS in Kandhamal District

1. Integrated Natural Resource Management(INRM) under MGNREGS in Kandhamal District

2. The initiative • The pilot project “INRM under MGNREGS” launched on 10th Nov’09 in the district • Plan was to take up 300 villages in 7 blocks • All the stakeholders have been sensitized and oriented on INRM • Involvement of 8 NGOs as facilitating agency and PRADAN is the nodal NGO

3. Kandhamal context • Annual rainfall is high (1521.8 mm), but the distribution is uneven • Undulating land with low soil fertility, erosion of top productive soil • Upland-66%, medium-22%, lowland-12% • High forest coverage(72%), degrading stage • Low productivity of crops(paddy-1.6t/Ha), paddy grain produced per capita-134.5 kg • Average food sufficiency-4-6 months, 78% families are below poverty line Contd….

4. Farm based livelihoods are monsoon dependent • Low productivity of Agriculture and animal husbandry. • High dependence on forest: depleting forest resource. • Poor land husbandry with reducing carrying capacity • Lack of appropriate ideas to enhance carrying capacity of land whose quality varies widely • Livelihood of the people are subsistence agriculture, NTFP collection and seasonal wage labour

5. The way forward to enhance acceptance and awareness under MGNREGS Given the endowment nobody should remain workless and should not go hungry. So family based integrated NRM to enhance overall productivity looks to be a potential option. In-situ water harvesting has to be the beginning.

6. Requirement of in-situ water harvesting • In-situ harvesting and recycling ensure better access/control and address issues of equity • Though this area receives fairly good (1600mm) rainfall per annum, still paddy fails due to frequent dry spells. • About 850 mm of monsoon rain runs off, leading to degraded land resource • Run-off volume is much higher at the valleys causing submergence • Water holding capacity of the soil is low. • Appropriate treatment can enhance absorption of water by soil and improve productivity • Around 10% land under water bodies can facilitate percolation of 50% of runoff

7. An approach to Natural Resource Management

8. Process involves: • Locating the position of the individual plots of a holding in the micro watershed • Their treatment with appropriate technology matching with purpose and needs of the family

9. Ridge Line Drainage point Upland Medium upland Medium Lowland Lowland

10. These 30 x 40 model patches are covered under plantation for: • Better soil & moisture conservation • Generating income and sustaining the interest if these poor people in these patches To recycle the seepage water at the valleys tanks are constructed in the lowlands Lands at the upper catchments of these are treated with in-situ soil and moisture conservation measures like 30 x 40 In medium uplands and medium lowlands we identify places for constructing small water harvesting structures like 5% model pits The gullies are either plugged or transformed to water harvesting structures

11. A typical treatment Agro-horticulturelink Sabai + 30X40link Other plantationslink Gully plugginglink 5% WHSlink Seepage tanklink Big tanklink Fisherieslink

12. Purpose of upper catchments’ Treatment • Checking degradation • Diversifying land use to reduce vulnerabilities • Enhance income of poor families through timber/fruit tree or grass plantation • Checking siltation of the harvesting structures at the down stream • Enhancing percolation to enrich moisture regime

13. Purpose of In-situ Water Harvesting Structures • 5% model: • To save paddy crop from dry spells providing life saving irrigation • Increasing moisture regime • Seepage tank: • Tapping sub surface run-off / recycling harvested water upstream to irrigate second crop after paddy

14. Progress made • System has been streamlined relating to planning, execution and monitoring • All the BDO, AE, JE, GRS, EO and GS have been given training on INRM • The GP and PS members are sensitized around INRM and given exposure for further execution under MGNREGA • Work has been initiated in 220 villages and about 1.3 crore rupees has been spent.

15. Current senario • In these 7 blocks the expense from INRM has become significant in terms of total block’s expenses under MGNREGS. • Acceptance of people for INRM work has been enhanced after the first payment • The villagers are now more involved in pallisabha and panchayat decisions. • In the INRM villages more job card holders are now involved in work in comparison to previous year. • Now more demand is coming from the people from nearby villages. Contd…

16. People in these vilages have taken SRI in their treated plots • Productivity from wasteland has improved through agro-forestry or agro-horticulture (Mango plantation in 300 Ha) • PRI persons like block president, Sarpanchas, Zillaparsad members etc have been given exposure to INRM work • Now block officials from other blocks are coming to these blocks to see the work and replicate the same.

17. Keys to success • People with shared concern at the core • Comprehensive and long term programme • Equitable distribution of benefits with plan for all the resources and families of the village • Utilization of farmers’ knowledge in developing micro-plan • Involvement of NGOs with rigorous monitoring at different level • Focus on capacity building of all the stake holders

18. Ways forward • Saturation of Panchayat under INRM • Training of villagers and youth around different farm based livelihoods • Strengthening the existing village level plans with taking new villages in the existing and new blocks • Strengthening the existing monitoring system and processes timely payment

19. Seepage tank

20. Land degradation 5 % -pit Bund strengthening with soil from the pit

21. Barren Upland Fruit tree plantation 5 % pit 5%-with SRI

22. Land deterioration Farm pond Gullies Loose boulder check

24. Process of INRM Implementation Submitted to block JE, AE, BDO approval Plan preparation PRADAN Village-Work starts District for TS, > 10 lakh Work order issue District for FS MR issue to GS Bill preparation , MR submission Payment through bank/PO Measurement by JE

25. Village level planning

26. Work order issue and work in progress

27. Awareness and Trainings

28. THANK YOU