Global History & Geography Vocabulary List #2

1. Global History & GeographyVocabulary List #2

2. * Location – included lands surrounding the eastern Mediterranean Sea* People – Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Muslims, Christians, and Jews* Nickname during the 19th and early 20th centuries – “Sick Man of Europe”Which empire is described by these characteristics? • Mongol • Roman • Gupta • Ottoman

3. Millet • Within the Ottoman Empire, a religious community of non-Muslims

4. The doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches are all based on the • Teachings of Muhammad • Leadership of the pope • Principles of Christianity • Concept of reincarnation

5. Monastery • Community where men or women focus on spiritual goals

6. The unification of Germany (1870-71) and the breakup of Yugoslavia after 1991 both illustrate the influence of • Nationalism • Imperialism • Industrialization • Westernization

7. Nationalism • A feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country, patriotism

8. The Neolithic Revolution is considered a turning point in history because it • Influence climatic changes • Included the domestication of plants and animals • Encouraged a nomadic lifestyle • Caused a decline in population

9. Neolithic • The period of human culture characterized by the development of system of settled agriculture, also called the New Stone Age

10. At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by • Refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict • Sending troops to aid Great Britain • Declaring American neutrality • Requesting an immediate declaration of war against the aggressors

11. Neutral • Not supporting either side in a conflict

12. The Neolithic Revolution is often considered a turning point in history because • Permanent settlements developed in river valleys • City dwellers learned to control fire • Societies became more nomadic • Nuclear families evolved into extended families

13. Nomad • Person who moves from place to place in search of food

14. Which fact about China has been the cause of the other three? • The economy of China has trouble providing for all the needs of the people • China’s population exceeds one billion • The Chinese Government has set limits on the number of children families may have • Chinese cities have a severe shortage of housing

15. Overpopulation • Overabundance of people in a region or country that lacks sufficient resources to adequately provide for them

16. Patriarchal control, extended family, and arranged marriages are generally the patterns of which type of society? • Urban • Traditional • Complex • Pluralistic

17. Patriarchal • Family order in which the father or oldest male heads the household

18. The accusations of witchcraft in 17th century England and the practice of foot binding in 19th century China are examples of the • Respect given to mothers in traditional cultures • Gradual improvement of women’s rights around the world • Negative aspects of a matriarchal society • Discrimination against women in various cultures

19. Matriarchal • Family order in which the mother or oldest female heads the household

20. Ancient Egyptians developed a calendar in order to predict • The beginning of the new year • The anniversary of the pharaoh’s birth • The annual overflow of the Nile • The cycles of the moon

21. Pharaoh • Ruler of ancient Egypt

22. Which term best describes the position of Jews in Czarist Russia? • Political elite • Landed gentry • Persecuted minority • Military leaders

23. Pogrom • Violent attack on a Jewish community

24. Increased educational opportunities, high levels of air pollution, and the loss of traditional beliefs are changes that are associated with • Cultural diffusion • Urbanization • Nationalism • Colonialism

25. Pollution • Contamination of the environment including air, water and soil

26. Which action is most closely associated with polytheism? • Praying in a synagogue • Accepting the Eightfold Path • Worshipping many gods • Reading the Koran

27. Polytheistic • Belief in more than one god

28. Judaism and Christianity are similar because they • Promote the practice of polygamy • Stress belief in reincarnation • Base their beliefs on the Koran • Are monotheistic

29. Monotheistic • Belief in one god

30. Which text is essential to the practice of Islam? • New Testament • Analects • Qu’ran (Koran) • Torah

31. Qu’ran (Koran) • Holy book of Islam

32. A study of the policy of “ethnic cleansing” in Bosnia and the Holocaust in Europe would suggest that • World opinion is effective in stopping genocide • Anti-Semitism and ethnic hatred remain powerful forces in the 20th century • Military leaders cannot be help responsible for acts committed during wartime • Countries generally use reason and negotiation in dealing with important ethnic issues

33. Refugee • Person who flees his or her homeland to seek safety elsewhere

34. Which statement would most likely be spoken by a Hindu and not by a Muslim? • “I am planning to go to Mecca next year to participate in the hajj.” • “My belief in the teachings of the Koran are very important to me.” • “I always enjoy the feast that follows the end of Ramadan.” • “My good deeds today will serve me well in my next reincarnation.”

35. Reincarnation • In Hinduism, the rebirth of the soul into a new body

36. The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World War I because the treaty • Divided Germany into Communist and non-Communist zones • Forced Germany to pay large war reparations • Made Germany restore its emperor • Required all German-speaking Europeans to return to Germany

37. Reparations • Payment for war damages

38. The terms “Bushido”, “samurai”, and “daimyo” are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history? • Peasants • Emperors • Merchants • Warriors

39. Samurai • Member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society

40. Throughout history, people have lived on savannas, in deserts, in mountains, along river valleys, along coastlines, and on islands.This statement demonstrates that people • Develop a common language • Organize similar forms of government • Adapt their surroundings • Prefer to live in isolated areas

41. Savanna • Grassy plain