BELLRINGER

1. BELLRINGER • Read the paragraph titled “Who Were the Anti-Federalists?” on page 129. • What are two reasons the Anti-Federalists might have been afraid of a strong central government? Explain your 2 reasons in detail. • HINT: Review the paragraph about “smuggling” on page 101, and the “Quartering Act” on page 102.

2. Unit 6 – The Amendments to the US Constitution

3. Review: Federalists v. Anti Federalist

4. The Bill of Rights • Added in 1791, the first 10 amendmentsare known as the “Bill of Rights”. • The purpose is to limit the power of the federal governmentand protect the rights of the people • It was added because the Anti-Federalists demanded it.

5. Rights & Civil Liberties • The Bill of Rights guarantees our Rights and civil liberties - freedoms we have to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment. • The Amendments place strict limits on how the federal government treats the people.

6. Civil Liberties • “Civil liberties”, however, do not allow American citizens to do things like break the law. • “Your rights end where someone else’s begin”… • Your rights are balanced against the rights of others and the good of the community.

7. The First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

8. R.A.S.P.P. • R.A.S.P.P is an acronym to help remember the major elements of the First Amendment. • This amendment protects the 5 basic freedomsthat are essential to the American way of life. • Religion, Assembly, Speech, Press, Petition

9. 1. R = Religion • Freedom of Religionprohibits Congress from establishing any official or state religion in the U.S. • It also guarantees Americans the right to worship or practice any religion they choose (or to not worship at all). • Americans place special value on freedom of religion since many people moved here to escape religious persecution.

10. 2. A = Assembly • Freedom of Assembly protects our right to assemble in groupsfor any reason as long as these assemblies are peaceful in nature. • This also allows us to join whatever groups we choose to join…

11. 3. S = Speech • Freedom of Speechprotects your right to say what is on your mind, in public or private, without fear ofpunishment by the government. • Face to face discussions, telephone conversations, lectures, and even “unspoken expressions” are all protected. • It does not allow for speech that is harmful topeople or that threatensthe government. • Slander: Spoken liesthat maliciously intend to harm someone • Libel: Printing liesthat intend to harm someone

12. Landmark Supreme Court Cases Tinker v. Des Moines Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Students were in charge of writing school newspaper and drafted two articles about pregnancy and divorce. Principal deleted the articles from the school newspaper before printing in fear that students may be identified who were pregnant or from divorced families Is this is a 1st Amendment Violation? • During Vietnam War Era • School banned protests of any kind • Students (Tinker) wore black armbands to silently protests the war and were expelled • Is this a 1st Amendment Violation?

13. 4. P = Press • Freedom of the pressprotects our rights to express ourselves in published informationand allows us to read what others have published (without censorship). • This freedom is also limited (as speech) • Libel – cannot publish lies that are malicious and mean to harm others

14. 5. P = Petition • Freedom of petition guarantees all Americans the right to petition (a formal request) the government. • This allows us to expressour views to the government.

15. Read pg. 172-176 (Ch. 6, Lesson 1) • Answer questions 1-5 on pg. 176 of the Ch. 6 Lesson 1 Review (Be sure to RESTATE!) • Complete the, “Spotlight on Vocabulary” worksheet and staple to the Ch. 6, Lesson 1 Review • You only need to draw a visual and write out a meaningful sentence to help remember what the vocabulary word means. You don’t have to complete the “Hints” box.

16. Amendments 2-10 - Other Guarantees in the Bill of Rights http://constitutioncenter.org/learn/hall-pass

17. The Second Amendment • “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed”

18. The Second Amendment • The 2nd Amendment guarantees the right to keep and bear arms. • Originally added to ensure a well trainedmilitia would be ready to fight due to the lack of a large, regular army in winning our independencefrom Great Britain. • While the courts have maintained the right of a citizen to own a gun, it has allowed government to regulate some gun control.

19. The Third Amendment • “No Soldier, in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law”

20. The Third Amendment • The 3rd Amendment limits the power of the national government to force Americans to “quarter” or house soldiers. • While not a major issue today, it was a major source of resentment when American colonistswere forced to house and feed British soldiers.

21. The Fourth Amendment(The Privacy Amendment) • “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized”

22. The Fourth Amendment(The Privacy Amendment) • The 4th Amendment protects people from unreasonable searchesandseizures by the government. • A citizen’s home / business / or person may be searched by law enforcement if they have probable (reasonable) cause and obtained a search warrant. • A search warrantis a legal document, signed by a judge, allowing law enforcement to search a home or business to gather certain evidence.

23. The Fifth Amendment • 'No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation”

24. The Fifth Amendment • The 5th Amendment protects many of the rights of people accused of a crime. • No citizen can be denied the right to life, liberty, or property without DUE PROCESS of law (following proper procedures which are also themselves reasonable). • Also guarantees Grand Jury for capital cases

25. The Fifth Amendment • Types of cases: • Criminal: Defendant has committed an act against someone that is against the law (felony; misdemeanor) • Civil: Disputes or disagreements between two parties (divorce, child support, landlord/rent payment, injury) • People accused of a crime and found not guilty the first time cannot be tried for that same crime again– calleddouble jeopardy.

26. The Fifth Amendment • Also limits the government’s power of EMINENT DOMAIN(the right of the government to take private property). The government must pay fair market value for the property. “Property Rights” • Don’t have to testify against yourself! An accused person has the right to remain silent – this is called pleading the 5th.From the 5th Amendment (Right to remain silent)

28. The Fifth Amendment Landmark Supreme Court Case: Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

29. The Fifth Amendment Landmark Supreme Court Case: Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Facts: Ernesto Miranda was arrested for kidnapping and other criminal charges. After 10 hours of interrogation, Miranda signed a statement admitting to the crimes without realizing he could have an attorney present. Findings: The Supreme Court found (5-4) In favor of Miranda based on 5th Amendment. law enforcement uses the Miranda Rights – “you have the right to remain silent”

30. The Sixth Amendment • "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense."

31. The Sixth Amendment • The 6th Amendment guarantees additional rights to people accused of crimes. • This includes , the right to an attorneyalso known as legal counsel, and a right to a fair and speedy jury trialin criminal cases, and the right to hear all charges against you.

33. The Seventh Amendment • In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

34. The Seventh Amendment • The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $20 (lawsuits that involve disagreements between people, not crimes). • This is if the amount involves more than $20.00.

35. The Eighth Amendment • “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

36. The Eighth Amendment • The 8th Amendmentforbids excessive bailfor the accused and forbids crueland unusual punishments • “Bail” is a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure the accused will return to court. • Judges determine the amount of bail, which is returned when the accused comes back to court.

37. The Ninth Amendment • The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

38. The Ninth Amendment • The 9th Amendment makes clear that the rights spelled out in the Constitution are NOT the only rights granted to the American citizens. • UnenumeratedRights (not listed)- It is understood that we all have more rights than just the ones that are spelled out specifically in the Constitution… • Economic freedom is one example of an unenumerated right (choose how to spend, save, etc.)

39. The Tenth Amendment • The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

40. The Tenth Amendment • The 10th Amendment states that any powernot directly specified in the Constitution for the national government isreservedfor the states (or for the people) • The purpose of this amendment is to keep the power of the President or Congress limited.

42. R.A.S.S.D.A.T. E.P.S. R.A.S.S.D.A.T. E.P.S is an easy way to remember the Bill of Rights. • R = Religion, Assembly, Speech, Press, Petition • A = Arms (right to bear arms) • S = Soldier Quartering • S = Search & Seizure (privacy amendment) • D = Double Jeopardy, Due process, eminent Domain and you Don’t have to testify against yourself (rights of the accused) • A = Attorney & fair and speedy jury trial in Criminal Cases • T = Trial by Jury in Civil Cases over $20 • E = Excessive Bail or Cruel and Unusual Punishment • P = People’s Rights • S = State Powers (Reserved Powers)

43. Schemerican Civil War!!

44. Unit 4 & 5 Assessment is worth 3 wins for each class. 1st, 3rd & 6th VS. 2nd, 4th, & 5th