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THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS

THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS. THE 1930’S. Collective Security -1920s. League of Nations Washington Disarmament Conference Locarno Pact Kellogg-Briand Pact War debts and reparations Great Depression. Good Neighbor Policy. Clark Memorandum Montevideo Conference 1915

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THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS

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  1. THE US AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS THE 1930’S

  2. Collective Security -1920s • League of Nations • Washington Disarmament Conference • Locarno Pact • Kellogg-Briand Pact • War debts and reparations • Great Depression

  3. Good Neighbor Policy • Clark Memorandum • Montevideo Conference • 1915 • Buenos Aires Convention (1936) • Declaration of Lima (1938) • Declaration of Panama (1939)

  4. World Relations • London Economic Conference • Tariffs • Cordell Hull • FDR and USSR • Tydings-McDuffie Act • Jones Act • William Jennings Bryan

  5. THE RISE OF DICTATORS • ECONOMIC & POLITICAL INSTABILITY • COMMUNIST IN RUSSIA • FASCISTS IN ITALY • NAZIS IN GERMANY • MILITARY DICTATORSHIP IN JAPAN

  6. AGGRESSION IN THE 1930’S • JAPANESE INVADE MANCHURIA 1931 • MANCHUKUO • LITTON COMMISSION 1932 DENOUNCES JAPAN AS AGGRESSOR • HOOVER STIMSON DOCTRINE 1932 • JAPAN ATTACKS NORTHERN CHINA • SINKING OF THE PANAY 1937

  7. 1937 FDR’S QUARANTINE OF AGGRESSORS SPEECH • AGGRESSION IS LIKE A DISEASE • ISOLATIONISTS DENOUNCE FDR’S SUGGESTION • OPPOSITION LEAD BY CHARLES LINDBERGH • THE AMERICAN FIRST MOVEMENT • FDR: “I WILL NEVER SEND AMERICAN BOYS TO FIGHT A EUROPEAN WAR!”

  8. HITLER & TREATY OF VERSAILLES • HITLER ELECTED 1933 • BY 1935 HAS DICTATORIAL POWER • RESTORES COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVICE • 1936 MOVES TROOPS INTO RHINELAND • LEAGUE OF NATIONS PROTESTS.

  9. HITLER

  10. MUSSOLINI IN ITALY • TAKES POWER IN 1922 • PROMISES TO RESTORE ROMAN EMPIRE • 1935 INVADES ETHIOPIA • LEAGUE PROTESTS VOTES SANCTION • GERMANY & U.S. IGNORE SANCTIONS

  11. MUSSOLINI

  12. THE MESSAGE TO DICTATORS • DEMOCRACIES ARE WEAK, LACK WILL POWER • AGGRESSION PAYS! • US Isolation • Nye Committee • Neutrality Acts • 1935 • 1936 • 1937

  13. 1937 ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS • AN ALLIANCE OF DICTATORSHIPS • DEMOCRACIES DO LITTLE

  14. THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-39 • REHEARSAL FOR WW II • HITLER-MUSSOLINI AID FRANCO • “LOYALISTS” REPUBLICANS AIDED BY SOVIET UNION • A “NON-INTERVENTION” PLAN • U.S. NEUTRALITY LAWS BAR AID TO LOYALISTS

  15. HITLER’S BLOODLESS CONQUESTS • BY 1938 GERMANY FULLY MOBILIZED FOR WAR • GERMANS FORTIFY BORDER WITH FRANCE • FRENCH MAGINOT LINE • MARCH 1938 GERMANS MARCH INTO AUSTRIA

  16. CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1938 • THE SUDETENLAND NATURAL BORDER WITH GERMANY • PROVIDES NATURAL MOUNTAIN DEFENSES • SOME GERMAN SPEAKERS LIVING THERE. • HITLER’S “LAST TERRITORIAL DEMAND”

  17. THE MUNICH CONFERENCE • GERMANY, FRANCE, BRITAIN, & ITALY • TOPIC CZECHOSLOVAKIA • APPEASEMENT POLICY • CHAMBERLAIN: “I BRING YOU PEACE IN OUR TIMES”

  18. THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA FALLS • 6 MONTHS AFTER MUNICH • THE FAILURE OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY • THE LESSON OF MUNICH, “APPEASEMENT DOES NOT WORK”

  19. U.S. REACTIONS TO AXIS AGGRESSION • INVOLVEMENT IN THE “GREAT WAR” WAS A MISTAKE. • ISOLATIONISM OF THE 1920’S • THE NYE COMMITTEE REPORT: “THE MERCHANTS OF DEATH” • POLICY: AVOID WAR AT ALL COST!

  20. NEUTRALITY LAWS • JOHNSON DEBT DEFAULT ACT 1934: NO AID OR CREDIT TO NATIONS THAT FAILED TO PAY DEBTS • ONLY “HONEST FINLAND” CAN BORROW. • NEUTRALITY ACTS OF 1935 & 1937 • “THE CASH AND CARRY” PRINCIPLE

  21. THE ERRORS OF NEUTRALITY • MAKES NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN AGGRESSORS AND VICTIMS • IGNORES LONG TERM INTERESTS • NEUTRALITY HURTS VICTIMS MORE THAN AXIS

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