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Ethics in Research

Ethics in Research. Participating in Research. How would you have felt if you participated in Dr. Venkman’s study? Should there be guidelines for the appropriate behavior of psychologists?. Ethical Guidelines. Ethics – people should be treated as ends not means

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Ethics in Research

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  1. Ethics in Research

  2. Participating in Research • How would you have felt if you participated in Dr. Venkman’s study? • Should there be guidelines for the appropriate behavior of psychologists?

  3. Ethical Guidelines • Ethics – people should be treated as ends not means • Designed to protect the rights of human and animals • APA ethics code www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html • “…it has as its goals the welfare and protection of the individuals and groups with whom the psychologists work…”

  4. Ethics • Used during all steps of research • Measurement • Participant selection • Research strategies & designs • Treatment of Participants • Data analysis • Reporting results

  5. Ethical Responsibilities • Researcher responsibilities • to science • to society • to students of psychology • participants • Examples of unethical behaviors • fabrication of results • harming participants

  6. Ethical Issues • No harm • Psychological or physical • If P is harmed, benefit > cost • e.g., an effective treatment with side effects

  7. Ethical Issues • Informed Consent • Information about study • Risks and benefits • Voluntary • No coercion • Withdraw at any time

  8. Ethical Issues • Consent Form • Ps sign to verify understanding • Consent – competent Ps • Assent – incompetent Ps guardians • e.g., developmentally disabled people

  9. Ethical Issues • Deception • Ps do not know true purpose of research • Two Types • Passive – information is left out • e.g., no knowledge of memorytest

  10. Ethical Issues • Active – information is inaccurate • e.g., cover story • Confederate - E role-plays. • e.g., another P, a random bystander

  11. Ethical Issues • Debriefing • Purpose of study is explained to Ps upon completion • Reduces harmful effects of deception

  12. Thought Questions • When is it acceptable to use deception in research? • When is it unethical to use deception in research? • Does debriefing reduce the harmful effects of deception?

  13. Ethical Issues • Confidentiality • Ps information will be kept secret • e.g., memory, opinions, sexual orientation, etc. • Anonymity • Ps name is not associated with data • e.g., Ps are assigned a number

  14. Protection of Human Rights - IRB • Institutional Review Board (IRB) • Committee who approves research proposals • IRB Forms http://www.psychology.ilstu.edu/research/researchers.html

  15. Protection of Human Rights - IRB • IRB Criteria • Minimize risk • Benefits > Risks • Equal opportunity sampling • Informed consent • Documentation of consent • Data monitoring • Privacy & Confidentiality

  16. Animal Rights • Why do we use animals? • To understand animals • To understand humans • To conduct research that cannot be conducted on humans

  17. Animal Rights • Animals used in research have rights • Food and shelter • Benefits > Costs • IACUC – Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee • Protects the rights of animals • Approves research proposals involving animals • Forms http://www.psychology.ilstu.edu/research/researchers.html

  18. Scientific Integrity • Two issues: Fraud & Plagiarism • Fraud – a conscious misrepresentation of data by a researcher • Why? • Used to attain publications

  19. Scientific Integrity • Fraud prevention • Replication – repeat a research study to validate results • Peer Review – critical analysis of research by peers in the same area

  20. Scientific Integrity • Plagiarism – taking credit for another’s work or ideas • Avoided by citing the ideas or words of others

  21. Application • How can you use these ethical guidelines in this class? • Why does understanding how to behave ethically benefit your future careers? • How could Dr. Venkman have altered his behavior to meet ethical guidelines?

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