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Cell Energy. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. What Is ATP?. Energy used by all Cells. Adenosine Triphosphate. Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds. Chemical Structure of ATP. Adenine Base. 3 Phosphates. Ribose Sugar. Uses for ATP.
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Cell Energy Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds
Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar
Uses for ATP • Provides energy for active transport • Move organelles inside the cells • Transmits nerve impulses • Contract muscles • Plants during photosynthesis to make glucose
How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP
When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process calledCellular Respirationthat takes place in bothPlants & Animals
Cellular Respiration • Process used in cells to break down glucose and produce ATP • Chemical Formula: • C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP • glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide water energy
3 Phases of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration Diagram Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in matrix Occurs in cristae
Glycolysis Summary • Takes place in the CYTOPLASM • ANAEROBIC (doesn’t use OXYGEN) • NETS 2 ATP
Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration PathwaysIs Oxygen Present? YES NO Anaerobic Respiration No oxygen needed Takes place in cytoplasm GLYCOLYSIS – 2 ATP FERMENTATION Animals – LACTIC ACID Plants - ALCOHOLIC • Aerobic Respiration • Needs oxygen • Takes place in mitochondria • KREB’S CYCLE – 2 ATP • ETC – 34 ATP
Fermentation Summary • Occurs when oxygen is NOT present (ANAEROBIC) • Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in Muscle Cells (makes them tired) • Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in plant cells and yeasts (makes ethanol) • Nets 2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle • Requires Oxygen • Takes place in the Mitochondria • The cycle is a series of eight reactions. These reactions take a two carbon molecule (acetate) and completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide. • Nets 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain Summary • Occurs in the Mitochondria • Produces Water (H₂O) • Nets 34 ATP
Photosynthesis • Process that uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen • Chemical Formula: • 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂ • carbon dioxide water light energy glucose + oxygen
Two Parts of Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent (Calvin Cycle) Reactions Does NOT require light Carbon dioxide & hydrogen ions combine to form simple sugars Simple sugars are stored as complex carbs (cellulose and starch) • Requires light • Electrons in chlorophyll absorb light energy • Energy from electrons converts ADP to ATP • Water molecules split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions & electrons • H+ ions attach to carrier molecules to be used later
Light dependent Light independent