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ELEC1700 Computer Engineering 1 Week 1 Monday lecture Introduction to ELEC1700 Semester 1, 2013

ELEC1700 Computer Engineering 1 Week 1 Monday lecture Introduction to ELEC1700 Semester 1, 2013. Teaching staff. Course coordinator: Associate Professor Steve Weller steven.weller@newcastle.edu.au Consultation: Thursdays 2:00–4:00pm , room EAG26 ground floor Engineering ‘A’ building

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ELEC1700 Computer Engineering 1 Week 1 Monday lecture Introduction to ELEC1700 Semester 1, 2013

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  1. ELEC1700Computer Engineering 1Week 1 Monday lectureIntroduction to ELEC1700 Semester 1, 2013

  2. Teaching staff • Course coordinator: Associate Professor Steve Weller • steven.weller@newcastle.edu.au • Consultation: • Thursdays 2:00–4:00pm, room EAG26 ground floor Engineering ‘A’ building • Even better: during lecture breaks or at the end of each lecture • Tutors: • Noor • Nurul • Brenton Schulz • Alex Smith

  3. Lectures All Monday and Wednesday lectures are scheduled for recording using EchoSystem • Mondays 12:00–2:00pm • Lecture theatre GP201 • New material presented to class • Wednesdays 3:00–4:00pm • Lecture theatre MCTH • Extension & consolidation of material presented Monday • Preparation for in-class quizzes, labs and projects • In-class quizzes in weeks 4, 8 and 11

  4. Tutorials and labs • In addition to lectures, each student in ELEC1700 is expected to attend one 2-hour session per week • Weeks 1,2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12 in room EE107/108 • these are tutorial sessions • problem-solving sessions; ask questions of tutors • not compulsory, but highly recommended • In weeks 5 and 10: in-class project demonstrations, worth 5% + 15% of final course grade • Weeks 3, 6 and 10 in room EE103A • these are lab sessions • each lab is worth 3⅓% of final course grade • Contact hours per week: • Monday lecture: 2 hours • Wednesday lecture: 1 hour • Tutorial/lab: 2 hours

  5. EE107/108 EE building EE103A

  6. Learning resources • Blackboard • on-line learning system: blackboard.newcastle.edu.au • course documents (lecture slides, tutorial sheets etc., announcements, discussion forums + more) • Students are expected to login regularly – recommend daily

  7. Learning resources • Lecture recordings • Monday and Wednesday lectures scheduled for recording • Audio & video download/streaming via Blackboard • Assuming the technology works… • It worked in 2012!

  8. Textbook • Prescribed textbook: Digital Fundamentals (International Edition, 10e), Thomas L. Floyd Pearson Education, ISBN: 978-0-13-814646-7, ISBN-10: 0-13-814646-2 • Available in the Co-Op bookshop at the Callaghan campus. Copies are also available in the Auchmuty Library • Students are strongly encouraged to purchase a copy • ELEC1700 will follow this text very closely http://bit.ly/u3M7An

  9. Assessment 3 quizzes @10% each 30% 2 projects, demonstrated to tutor (5% & 15%) 20% 3 labs @ 3⅓% each 10% Final Examination 40% 100% To pass the course you need to have an overall mark of at least 50%

  10. Responses to student feedback ELEC1700 class completed a “Student Feedback on Courses” (SFC) survey in 2012 • 1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree • Q8: My knowledge and skills have developed as a result of studying this course(ELEC1700 score 4.74) • Q14: Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of this course (ELEC1700 score 4.68) Written comments from class were very useful, & led to the following changes: • Lecture slides and other teaching materials are now provided to students in electronic form via Blackboard rather than as hardcopy workbooks, which many students found inconvenient to carry. • A new software simulation package (Logisim) for designing and simulating digital logic circuits has been introduced in 2012.

  11. Expected workload in ELEC1700 12 weeks of contact, plus final exam period Sample time budget — your mileage may vary! Lectures Attendance/EchoSystem: 3 hours per week × 12 weeks → 36 Preview/review: 1 hour per week × 12 weeks → 12 Textbook readings: 1 hour per week → 12 Tutorials (incl. in-class project demos) Tutorial preparation: 1 hour per week × 9 weeks → 9 Tutorial attendance: 2 hours per week × 9 weeks → 18 Project #1 preparation → 4 Project #2 preparation → 12 Labs 1, 2 and 3: Preparation: 1 hour each × 3 labs → 3 Attendance: 2 hours per week for weeks 3, 6 & 10 → 6 Quizzes 1−3 Preparation: 3 quizzes @ 5 hours each → 15 Completion (in lecture class Wednesdays; see above) — Exam Preparation → 10 Attendance → 3 36 + 12 + 12 + 9 + 18 + 4 + 12 + 3 + 6 + 15 + 10 + 3 = 140 hours

  12. Introductory concepts • Digital and analog quantities • Binary digits, logic levels and digital waveforms • Basic logic operations

  13. What’s the temperature? Ref: http://bit.ly/wrgSSF

  14. Graph of an analog quantity analog quantity: has continuous values most natural quantities that we experience are analog: temperature, speed, force, sound intensity, …

  15. Sampling and quantisation Samplingtakes snapshots of signal (generally at regularly spaced time intervals) Quantisationrounds the amplitude to the nearest predefined value

  16. Analog Quantisation Digital Sampling Sampling and quantisation A digital signal takes one of a finite number of values at each sampling interval

  17. Analog-to-digital conversion An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts an analog signal to a series of 1s and 0s

  18. Analog-to-digital conversion 4-bit ADC How many discrete quantization levels for this 4-bit ADC? 16 levels (0,1,…,15) How many levels for an n-bit ADC? 2n levels How many discrete quantization levels for this 4-bit ADC? How many levels for an n-bit ADC?

  19. …and from digital back to analog Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) Digital audio (CD): 44.1 kHz sampling, 16-bits on each stereo channel Digital information stored on compact disc Scale at bottom of figure shows 1µm intervals 1 µm = 10-6m = 0.000001m Ref: M. G. Carasso et al., Compact disc: Digital audio, Philips Tech. Rev., 40(6):151–180, 1982 http://bit.ly/y8Ug2t

  20. The digital advantage Immunity to “noise” • Can reconstruct a digital signal even if it is contaminated by noise, by rounding to the nearest level • Works for small amounts of noise Flexibility • Can treat data, audio, video, images etc in the same way as each other • Can process, compress, store, and transmit data more efficiently than analog Cost • Digital equipment is cheap, and getting cheaper

  21. Introductory concepts • Digital and analog quantities • Binary digits, logic levels and digital waveforms • Basic logic operations

  22. Binary digits Binary system has just two digits: 1 and 0 Each digit is called a bit = binary digit

  23. Logic levels Digital electronics uses circuits that have two states These states are represented by two different voltage levels called HIGH and LOW The voltages represent numbers in the binary number system HIGH=1 and LOW=0 • Known as “positive logic” and used in ELEC1700 • “negative logic” is also possible

  24. Logic levels Range of LOW and HIGH voltages depends on the digital circuit technology being used One type of circuit technology is “CMOS” CMOS = Complementary Metal- Oxide Semiconductor For CMOS: LOW range: 0V to 0.8V HIGH range: 2V to 3.3V +3.3V Logic HIGH (1) +2V Undefined logic +0.8V Logic LOW (0) 0V

  25. Digital waveforms Positive-going pulse: LOW logic level to a HIGH level and then back again Negative-going pulse: HIGH to LOW to HIGH

  26. Rise time tr andfall time tf Measured between 10% to 90% of pulse amplitude Pulse width tw Measured between 50% points on rising and falling edges Non-ideal pulses

  27. Digital waveforms Digital waveforms: series of pulses, changing between LOW and HIGH levels These are ideal pulses: rising and falling edges change in zero time

  28. Waveform characteristics • Periodic pulse waveforms • Composed of pulses that repeat in a fixed interval called the period (T) • measured in seconds (s) • The frequency (f) is the rate it repeats • measured in hertz (Hz) What is the period of a repetitive wave if f = 1 GHz? (1GHz = 109 Hz) Period = 1/109 = 10-9s = 1ns What is the period of a repetitive wave if f = 1 GHz? (1GHz = 109 Hz) Period =

  29. Duty cycle Pulse width (tW) Period, T • Duty cycle of a periodic waveform is the ratio of tW to T • usually expressed as a percentage • measures fraction of period for which signal is HIGH

  30. Duty cycle Duty cycle = tw / T = 1 / 10 = 10%

  31. A digital waveform carries binary information In digital systems, all waveforms are synchronised with a basic periodic timing waveform called the clock Example: the speed of a computer is measured by the clock frequency of it’s microprocessor, e.g. 3.5 GHz

  32. Clock frequency = 1MHz Time to transfer 8 bits in waveform A = 8μs Time to transfer 8 bits in waveform A =

  33. Timing diagrams A timing diagram is used to show the relationship between two or more digital waveforms A diagram like this can be observed directly on a logic analyzer

  34. Oscilloscopes: analog and digital

  35. 2 ms per horizontal division = 2×10-3s 1 V per vertical division

  36. Amplitude = 3V Frequency = 25 kHz Duty cycle = 30% Amplitude = Frequency = Duty cycle =

  37. Introductory concepts • Digital and analog quantities • Binary digits, logic levels and digital waveforms • Basic logic operations

  38. Logic • Propositions: statements which are true if certain conditions are true • Example: “The light is on” is true if: the bulb is not burned out AND the switch is on • Boolean algebra: formulate logic statements with symbols • named after Irish mathematician George Boole c1850 • Three basic logic operations: AND, OR, NOT • Just the basics today – lots more in Weeks 3 and beyond • Logisim: demo free software package for logic simulation

  39. Basic logic operations and symbols True only if all input conditions are true AND OR True only if one or more input conditions are true NOT Indicates the opposite condition True/false conditions are represented by voltages: HIGH = true LOW=false

  40. NOT

  41. AND

  42. OR

  43. What to do now―a checklist • download a copy of the ELEC1700 course outline from Blackboard blackboard.newcastle.edu.au • take a look around the Blackboard page for lecture notes, tutorial sheets + solutions, lecture recordings, announcements, discussion board and more • make plans to attend your scheduled tutorial session this week

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