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BRIDGES. By, Sarah Sturgeon-Crossley, Amanda Stier, and Monica Diaz. Historical facts:. A bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle, for the pupose of providing passage over the obstacle. Historical facts con’t:.
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BRIDGES By, Sarah Sturgeon-Crossley, Amanda Stier, and Monica Diaz
Historical facts: • A bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle, for the pupose of providing passage over the obstacle.
Historical facts con’t: • Designs of bridges will vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the terrain where the bridge is to be constructed.
Historical facts con’t: • The first bridges were made by nature- as simple as a log falling across a stream.
Historical facts con’t: • The first bridges that were made by humans were spans of wooden logs, planks and eventually stones; using support and crossbeam arrangement.
Historical facts con’t: • The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.
Historical facts con’t: • Ancient Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy ealier designs.
Historical facts con’t: • Romans used cement whiched reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.
Historical facts con’t: • During the 18th Century there were many innovations in the design of timber bridges by Hans Ulrich, Johannes Grubenmann, and others.
Historical facts con’t: • The oldest surviving stone bridge is in China and it is the Zhaozhou Bridge built from 595-605 A.D during the Sui Dynasty.
Historical facts con’t: • Rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca Civilization in the Andes Mountains in the 1500s.
Types of bridges: • Trestle Bridges are a rigid frame used for support , or used to refer to a path supported by a number of such braced frames. They are mainly used as railroad tracks.
Types of bridges con’t: • A suspension Bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.
Types of bridges con’t: • A Hinged Truss Arch is a steel bridge, sometimes used for railroad tracks, and has arches along the bottom. In earlier years they were made from stone as shown in the picture.
Types of bridges con’t: • The Roman Viaduct was built by ancient Romans, and were the first large and lasting bridges built. • Roman bridges were built with stone and had the arch as its basic structure. Most utilized concrete as well.
Types of bridges con’t: • The Box Girder is a type of bridge where the main beams comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box.
Real bridges: • Dolles Mills Bridge is located in Bollinger County, Missouri.
Real bridges con’t: • Wallace Bridge was built in 1856 and connects one side of land to another across a river as shown in the picture.
Real bridges con’t: • The Charles City Suspention Bridge is located in Iowa.
Real bridges con’t: • The Golden Gate Bridge is located in Sacramento California. It connects the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean.
Real Bridges con’t: • London Bridge is located in London England and is most famous for the song wriiten after it; London Bridge is Falling Down.
Bibliography: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trestle • http://www.geocities.com/theupstairstrain/accessories_bridges2.html • http://www.terragalleria.com/pictures-subjects/suspension-bridges/picture.suspension-bridges.usca20485.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_bridge • http://nisee.berkeley.edu/elibrary/getpkg?id=GoddenB2-13 • http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Truss_arch_bridge • http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3132/3172294680_9df550cce1.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_bridge • http://www.sellwoodbridge.org/img/renderings/H-girder_TwinFacets.jpg\ • http://www.charlescity.govoffice.com/ • http://www.desktopexchange.com/gallery/albums/Nature-Wallpapers/golden_gate_bridge.jpg