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Chapter 2 Cells to Systems

Chapter 2 Cells to Systems. cell membrane (noun). surrounds a cell, holding the parts of the cell . The cell membrane can be compared to your skin because both are outside surfaces. nucleus (noun). the part of the cell that contains . .

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Chapter 2 Cells to Systems

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  1. Chapter 2Cells to Systems

  2. cell membrane (noun) • surrounds a cell, holding the parts of the cell. • The cell membrane can be compared to your skin because both are outside surfaces.

  3. nucleus (noun) • the part of the cell that contains . . • The nucleus is where the DNA is located.

  4. cell wall (noun) • surrounds the cell membrane. Only in. • The cell wall gives plant cells extra support and protection.

  5. chloroplasts (noun) • Use the energy in sunlight to turn water and CO2 into and sugar. • Chloroplasts give plants their green color.

  6. cytoplasm • all the material of the cell between the cell membrane and the. • Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance.

  7. vacuoles • act like a, storing and breaking down material. • In plants, vacuoles may store water.

  8. Lesson 1 - What is Inside a Cell? • Cells are the part of your body. They carry out the activities of life. building blocks of all living things. • Very, very tiny. One drop of blood contains of red blood cells. • Cells must take in and get rid of. • Cells sense and respond to changes in their surroundings. They communicate with each other. • All cells need. Get energy through cellular respiration.

  9. http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RU5Ymc00S4w

  10. Parts of Cells • Most of the things your body does are done inside. • You grow when your grow! • Cells have the same needs as your whole body has.

  11. Parts • All cells have: 1)Cell membrane - the cell. 2)Nucleus - contains. 3)Vacuoles - act like a stomach, stores and breaks down material. 4) Cytoplasm - the material between cell membrane and nucleus. 5) Mitochondria - cell's producers, combine oxygen and food to produce energy in cellular respiration.

  12. Parts • Parts only in plants: 1) cell wall - surrounds the cell. 2) chloroplasts - use energy in sun to turn water and CO2 into O2 and sugar. Give plants their color. • Chromosomes are made of materials including the chemical . - Twisted ladder shape. • Chromosomes carry the for the cell - tell the cell how to do its job. are made of DNA. Every cell in your body has the same set of thousands of genes. • - passing genes from one generation to the next.

  13. Review • What is the most basic unit of living things? • List five parts of all cells and their jobs. • List the two parts that are only in plant cells. • What are genes made of? • What is the process of passing genes from one generation to the next called?

  14. tissue • a group of the same kind of cells working together doing the same. • Muscle cells grouped in bundles make up muscle tissue.

  15. organ • a grouping of different combined together into one structure. • Your heart, eyes, ears, and stomach are examples of organs.

  16. Lesson 2 How do Cells Work Together? • There are different cells throughout the body. • Groups of similar cells make up tissues, and groups of tissues make up organs. • You have about different kinds of cells. • 3 types 1) cells - nerve cells, can connect several parts of the body at once. 2) Flat cells - cells, join to overlap and cover a surface. Like shingles on a house. 3) Round cells - blood cells, round with 2 two dimples. Gives extra surface area for picking up O2.

  17. Special Cell Structures • Hair-like structures called do different jobs in the body. • In the ear the hairs bend when sound waves go over them which results in nerve signals being sent to the. • In airways of the lungs, there is cilia. They sweep dirt and germs out of the airways.

  18. Cells-Tissue-Organs • Cells work together most of the time. • Tissue - group of the same kind of cells working together doing the same job. • - group of tissues combined together into one structure. • Perform a job in the body. Ex. Heart, eye, stomach. • Largest organ is your. • have tissues and organs too! • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3on-W5TYot4

  19. Skin Cell Tissue • skin cells - many layers. Top section has layers. • New cells form in the bottom and push other cells out away from the blood. • The outside layer is. Takes one month for skin cells to get pushed to the surface. Dead cells eventually fall off. • Jobs - protects the inside, keeps out germs, prevents too much water loss. • Nerve tissue helps you sense touch,, and temp. • glands keep skin soft. • When cold, muscles pull hair upright, causing. Keeps you warm.

  20. Review • What are cilia and what do they do? • Why are there dimples in red blood cells? • What makes up a tissue? • What makes up an organ? • Is the outside layer of skin dead or alive? • Name some jobs of the skin.

  21. organ system • a group of and that work together to carry out a life process. • The digestive system digests your food. • Muscular System, Skeletal System, Nervous System, Urinary System, Digestive System, Endocrine System, Respiratory System, Circulatory/Cardiovascular System, Reproductive System, Lymphatic System, Integumentary System

  22. Lesson 3 - How do Organs Work Together? • Organs work together in organ systems to carry out life functions. Organ systems work together also. • Skeletal system - bones. • Jobs - system, protect internal organs.

  23. Muscular System • Muscles work together to move your body. • muscles you can control. • Brain tells your muscles how to work together. Some work by themselves - ex. when you shiver, heart. • It takes several muscles just to smile!!

  24. Muscular System (names of major muscles) • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • .

  25. Skeletal System (major bones) • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uuWbqwQfLxQ

  26. Bones and Muscles Work Together • Many muscles work in to move bones. • Muscles only on bones. They never push. • That is why you need two or more muscles to move bones. • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sQXAoVixYig

  27. Nerves and Muscles • Your nervous system controls how your muscles move your bones. • carry electrical signals from the brain and spinal cord to your muscles. • Without nerves you wouldn't move your . . • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uuWbqwQfLxQ

  28. Other Systems Work Together • Some organs are in organ systems. • The muscles make up your heart. • They work with the circulatory system to push blood through your body. • Muscles also squeeze food through the system. • Skeletal system and circulatory system - White and red blood cells are made in bone.

  29. Review • How many bones make up the skeletal system? • How many muscles do you have that you can control? • Name an organ system and describe its job. • How do muscles work in pairs to move a bone? • Where are red and white blood cells made?

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