390 likes | 780 Views
Fungal Diversity. BIOL 1407. Fungal Classification. Traditionally based on: Sexual spore-producing structures Hyphal characteristics Molecular evidence. Deuteromycota ≠ Clade. Imperfect Fungi In past, could not classify No sexual structures produced
E N D
Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407
Fungal Classification • Traditionally based on: • Sexual spore-producing structures • Hyphal characteristics • Molecular evidence
Deuteromycota ≠ Clade • Imperfect Fungi • In past, could not classify • No sexual structures produced • Molecular data should do away with this informal group
Chytridiomycota • Chytrids • Basal group • Unicellular to simple mycelium-forming • Photo Credit of distinctive two-part rhizoid system of Cladochytrium, 2001, D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer @ tolweb.org/Chytridiomycota/20517
Chytrids • Flagellated spores • Mostly aquatic • Only modern fungal group with flagella
Zygomycota • Coenocytic hyphae • Ex: Rhizopus, Pilobolus, Arthrobotrys • Video Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KoKDCwJOJQ&feature=related • Another view for fun:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKJAojmB1Y
Zygomycota • “Zygote Fungi” • Sexual spore-producing structure: Zygosporangium
Zygomycota • In zygosporangium: • Heterokaryon • Karyogamy • Diploid zygote • Meiosis
Zygomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Sporangium
Glomerulomycota • Endomycorrhizae • Arbuscules within plant root cells
Ascomycota • Septate hyphae with pores • Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Saccharomyces
Ascomycota • Sexual spore-producing structure: Ascocarp • Ascocarp is only dikaryotic structure • “Sac Fungi”
Ascomycota • Ascus • Karyogamy • Diploid zygote • Meiosis • Eight ascospores
Ascomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Conidia
Cup Fungi Pixie Cups, Geopyxis carbonaria Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2005.html
Basidiomycota • Septate hyphae with capped pores • Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium • Examples: Mushroom, rusts, smuts
Basidiomycota • Sexual spore-producing structure: Basidiocarp • Photo Credit: Betsy Maxim, 2008
Basidiomycota • Basidia “Club Fungi” • Basidiospores
Basidiomycota • Basidia • Karyogamy • Diploid Zygote • Meiosis • Four basidiospores
Basidiomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Rare • Only a few produce conidia • Most rely exclusively on basidiocarps • Photo Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Plate 63, from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), Wikimedia Commons
Question? Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept98.html
The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.