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Fungal Groups

Fungal Groups. Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Imperfect Fungi--Deuteromycetes Zygomycetes. Fungus-related terms. Saprobe Saprophyte Hyphae Mycelium Fruiting body Chitin conidia. Fungi. Cellular Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic

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Fungal Groups

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  1. Fungal Groups • Ascomycetes • Basidiomycetes • Imperfect Fungi--Deuteromycetes • Zygomycetes

  2. Fungus-related terms • Saprobe • Saprophyte • Hyphae • Mycelium • Fruiting body • Chitin • conidia

  3. Fungi • Cellular Characteristics • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Have cell walls reinforced with chitin • Usually haploid • Diploid only during sexual reproduction

  4. Basidiomycetes • Examples—mushrooms, rusts, smuts, puffballs • Basidia—club shaped reproductive structure found on the gills. • Mating strains • Fusion • Dikaryotic hyphae • Nuclear fusion • Zygote—diploid • Meiosis • Formation of haploid spores • Germination

  5. Basidiomycetes

  6. Ascomycetes • Sac Fungi • Truffels, Morels, Penicillium, Yeasts, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cervisiae, Sordaria • Ascus • ascospore

  7. Ascomycetes

  8. Zygomycetes • Terrestrial Fungi • Examples—Bread Mold, many disease-causing parasitic fungi, Rhizopus stolonifer, • Zygosporangium • Zygospores

  9. Zygomycetes

  10. Imperfect Fungi • Taxonomic holding station • Scientists have not discovered a sexually reproductive stage in these organisms • Candida and Penicillium were both once categorized in this group.

  11. Fungal Symbiosis • Mycorrhizae—Mutualistic association between tree roots and fungi. Help to increase water absorption. • Lichens—Mutualistic association between fungi and cyanobacteria. Play a role in primary succession.

  12. Ascomycetes Aspergillus—Aspergilloses—allergies; sinus, ear, and lung infections. Candida albicans—yeast infections, thrush Claviceps purpurea—ergotism Ophiostoma ulmi—Dutch elm disease Cryphonectria parasitica—Chestnut blight Trichophyton tonsurans –ringworm Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum --Athlete’s foot Basidiomycetes Amanita—Severe poisoning Ustilago maydis—corn smut Puccinia graminis—Wheat rust Fungal Diseases

  13. Mycorrhizae

  14. Meiosis in Sordaria • Ascomycete Fungi • Hyphae • Mycelium • Fruiting Body • Asexual Spores--Conidia • Sexual Spores--Ascospores • Ascus • Fungus is usually Haploid.

  15. Meiosis in Sordaria • Fusion of Mycelia forms Diploid cells. • Undergoes meiosis to form ascospores. • Perithecium or Fruiting Body • Tan and Black Spore Producers

  16. Life Cycle of Sordaria

  17. Sordaria (Sexual Spore Formation without Crossing Over)

  18. Sordaria (Formation of Sexual Spores with Crossing Over)

  19. Stereomicroscope View of Hyphae and Fruiting Bodies

  20. Sordaria Ascospores with no crossing over

  21. Sordaria Ascospores with crossing over

  22. Sordaria Ascospores with crossing over

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