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Fungal Diversity

Fungal Diversity. BIOL 1407. Fungal Classification. Traditionally based on: Sexual spore-producing structures Hyphal characteristics Molecular evidence. Deuteromycota ≠ Clade. Imperfect Fungi In past, could not classify No sexual structures produced

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Fungal Diversity

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  1. Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407

  2. Fungal Classification • Traditionally based on: • Sexual spore-producing structures • Hyphal characteristics • Molecular evidence

  3. Deuteromycota ≠ Clade • Imperfect Fungi • In past, could not classify • No sexual structures produced • Molecular data should do away with this informal group

  4. Chytridiomycota • Chytrids • Basal group • Unicellular to simple mycelium-forming • Photo Credit of distinctive two-part rhizoid system of Cladochytrium, 2001, D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer @ tolweb.org/Chytridiomycota/20517

  5. Chytrids • Flagellated spores • Mostly aquatic • Only modern fungal group with flagella

  6. Zygomycota • Coenocytic hyphae • Ex: Rhizopus, Pilobolus, Arthrobotrys • Video Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KoKDCwJOJQ&feature=related • Another view for fun:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKJAojmB1Y

  7. Zygomycota • “Zygote Fungi” • Sexual spore-producing structure: Zygosporangium

  8. Zygomycota • In zygosporangium: • Heterokaryon • Karyogamy • Diploid zygote • Meiosis

  9. Zygomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Sporangium

  10. Glomerulomycota • Endomycorrhizae • Arbuscules within plant root cells

  11. Ascomycota • Septate hyphae with pores • Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Saccharomyces

  12. Ascomycota • Sexual spore-producing structure: Ascocarp • Ascocarp is only dikaryotic structure • “Sac Fungi”

  13. Ascomycota • Ascus • Karyogamy • Diploid zygote • Meiosis • Eight ascospores

  14. Ascomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Conidia

  15. Morels

  16. Truffles

  17. Cup Fungi Pixie Cups, Geopyxis carbonaria Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2005.html

  18. Basidiomycota • Septate hyphae with capped pores • Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium • Examples: Mushroom, rusts, smuts

  19. Basidiomycota • Sexual spore-producing structure: Basidiocarp • Photo Credit: Betsy Maxim, 2008

  20. Basidiomycota • Basidia  “Club Fungi” • Basidiospores

  21. Basidiomycota • Basidia • Karyogamy • Diploid Zygote • Meiosis • Four basidiospores

  22. Basidiomycota • Asexual spore-producing structure: Rare • Only a few produce conidia • Most rely exclusively on basidiocarps • Photo Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Plate 63, from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), Wikimedia Commons

  23. Puffballs and Earth Stars

  24. Shelf Fungus

  25. Jelly Fungus

  26. Maiden Veil Fungus

  27. Question?

  28. Question? Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept98.html

  29. The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

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