SYNTAX

1. SYNTAX Part 1 Structures & Structural relations

2. Abstract Structure 1a. 洗了 b. 春天了 2a. 他洗了 b. 他洗了衣 c. 衣他洗了 d. 他打算洗衣

3. Constituencies and hierarchies A B C D E dominance/motherhood precedence/sisterhood

4. Constituency test • Displacement • Deletion • Co-ordination • Replacement with a pro-form

5. He will do it. a. He will do it and do it he will. b. They will not do it, but he will. c. He will do it and win the prize. d. He will do it and so will the others.

6. Aux and tense 1a. He kicked the ball. b. He will kick the ball. c. They didn’t kick the ball, but he did. d. Kick the ball I wonder whether he will. 2a. He did it. b. I didn’t expect him to do it. INFL [Tense,  AGR]

7. X-bar convention XP Spec X’ X Comp local (lexical) spec-head (functional)

8. VP: 他喜爱足球 VP Spec V’ V Comp

9. NP: a teacher of English NP Spec N’ N Comp(=PP)

10. AP: rather envious of me AP Spec A’ A Comp(=PP)

11. PP: right across the bridge PP Spec P’ P Comp

12. IP: a functional projection 1a. He will kick the ball. b. He kicked the ball. c. I didn’t expect him to do it. IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ V Comp

13. CP: another functional projection 1a. I will ask if [he will do it]. b. I think that [he will do it]. c. I expect for [him to do it]. CP Spec C’ C IP

14. FP: small clauses 1a. I consider [him very smart]. b. I consider [him a true friend]. c. I consider [his proposals completely out of the question]. 2a. Je considère le garçon très intelligent. I consider the boy very intelligent b. Je considère la fille très intelligente. I consider the girl very intelligent. 3 I consider him as my best friend.

15. Je considère le garçon très intelligent. AGRP Spec AGR’ AGR AP

16. I consider him as my best friend. AGRP Spec AGR’ AGR AP

17. Subcategorization 1a. She cried (with grief). b. She cried real tears. c. She cried over the loss of life. 2a. 他喜爱足球。 b. 他十分喜爱足球。 c. *他喜爱十分足球。

18. 他喜爱足球。 IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ V Comp

19. 他十分喜爱足球。 IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ Adjunct V’ V Comp

20. Agreement (I) 1a. this book b. these books NP Spec N’ N

21. Agreement (II) 2 I am je suis you are tu es. s/he is il/elle est we are nous sommes you are vous êtes they are ils/elles sont

22. I am/you are/he is IP Spec I’ I VP V Comp

23. Head-to-head movement 1a. When will he do it? b.*I wonder whetherwill he do it. c.*When thatwill he do it? 2a. Quoi que tu as fait? what that you have done b. Men shal knowe who that I am men shall know who that I am

24. When will he do it? CP Spec C’ C IP Spec I’ I VP

25. *I wonder whetherwill [he do it]. CP Spec C’ C IP Spec I’ I VP

26. Men shall know whothat I am. CP Spec C’ C IP Spec I’ I VP

27. Structural relations 1a. Hei likes him*i/j/himselfi. b. [Hisi brother]j likes himi/himselfj. 2a. da den inspekteur da boek gelezen eet that the inspector that book read has b. dan d’inspekteurs da boek gelezen een that the inspectors that book read have

28. He likes him/himself. IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ V Comp

29. His brother likes him/himself. IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ V Comp

30. CP Spec C’ C IP NP I’ VP I da den inspekteur da boek gelezen eet

31. C-command  c-commands  iff  does not dominate  and every X that dominates  also dominates . X  

32. Adjuncts and adjunction 1a. John quickly fixed the car. b. John fixed the car quickly. c. Fix the car quickly, I wonder whether he will. 2a. Evidently, John fixed the car. b. He fixed the car, evidently. 3a. He fixed the car in the morning. b. He fixed the car when Bill was still sleeping. 4a. *He speaks badly English. b. He told me to drink every night two glasses of mineral water with a slice of lemon.

33. VP-adjuncts IP Spec I’ I VP Spec V’ Adjunct V’ V Comp

34. S-adjuncts IP Adjunct IP Spec I’ I VP

35. Heavy NP-shift VP VP NP V’ Adjunct V Comp drink t every day [two glasses of …]