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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. c. 1750 - 1850. Where did we come from?. Open field system – everyone shared land. Where did we come from –cont-. Enclosure system – common land enclosed and divided up People w/small landholdings couldn’t support themselves Moved to the city for work.

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution c. 1750 - 1850

  2. Where did we come from? • Open field system – everyone shared land

  3. Where did we come from –cont- • Enclosure system – common land enclosed and divided up • People w/small landholdings couldn’t support themselves • Moved to the city for work

  4. Where did we come from –cont- • Pre-Industrial Production • Domestic system – work was done at home • Textile production moved to factories • Greater demand • Clothing was hard to make

  5. The Industrial revolution begins • In England – why? • Labor – population growth provided workers • Land • Coal and iron supply in England • Colonies = other raw materials • Access to waterways

  6. England’s Empire

  7. IR Begins –cont- • Capital • Stable economy • Colonization • Sympathetic government • Financial institutions • Favorable laws • Successful wars not fought on British soil

  8. IR Begins –cont- • Major inventions • 1733 – flying shuttle – John Kay • Made it possible to weave wider fabrics = increased production

  9. IR Begins –cont- • 1764 – spinning jenny – James Hargreaves • Made it easier to produce yarn

  10. IR Begins –cont- • 1765 – steam engine – James Watt • Applied engines to textile mills

  11. IR Begins –cont- • 1793 – cotton gin – Eli Whitney • Sped up cotton seed removal • Led to increased slavery in US

  12. IR Begins –cont- • Transportation • 1759 – first canal • 1784 – invention of steam locomotive • 1812 – rims on wheels made train usable • Effects of railroads • Cheap, fast transportation • New jobs • Boosted agriculture and fishing industries

  13. Effects on society • Status was previously defined by land and family • Status now defined by wealth or job • Upper class – super rich, nobility • Middle class – business people, professionals • Livable income plus extra $ for luxuries • Valued family, clothing, home

  14. Effects on Society –cont- • Lower Class – teachers, office workers, shop owners • Sufficient income, no surplus • Working Class – factory workers • Better standard of living but poor quality of life

  15. Effects on Society –cont- • Women • Middle class - “cult of domesticity”: responsible for home and child care • Working class – worked in factories and textile industry

  16. Effects on Society –cont- • Increase in cities • No codes • Dark, dirty, crowded housing • Disease • Cholera, tuberculosis • Polluted water

  17. Working Conditions • 14 hour days, 6 days a week • Dangerous and dirty • Use of child labor

  18. Effects of industrialization • Positive • Jobs • Increased wealth • Higher standard of living • Expanded education • Eventually higher pay and shorter hours • Negative • Environmental – deforestation, pollution

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