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Diversity on Earth

Diversity on Earth. Diversity: variety of living organisms Estimated between 5-15 million species Only 1.5 million have been described. The History of Classification. Earliest known system invented by Aristotle (470-399 BC) Classified organisms as plant or animal

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Diversity on Earth

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  1. Diversity on Earth • Diversity: variety of living organisms • Estimated between 5-15 million species • Only 1.5 million have been described

  2. The History of Classification • Earliest known system invented by Aristotle (470-399 BC) • Classified organisms as plant or animal • Further classified animals to their mode of transportation • Land • Sea • Air • Used until early 16th century

  3. Linnaeus’s Classification System • Swedish botanist (1707-1778) • Binomial Nomenclature – two-part scientific name  Genus species • Two name, naming system • Why Latin? • Latin was the language known universally by the educated

  4. King Phillip Comes Over For Good Spaghetti • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  5. Lion

  6. Common vs. Scientific Names • Scientific names eliminate confusion • Binomial nomenclature is the universal language for the organization of species. • Different areas use different common names for the same species. • The same common name is also used for different species.

  7. Robins Erithacus rubecula Turdus migratorius Leiothrix lutea Family Petroicidae

  8. gray silk mangrove snapper mangrove pargue mango snapper pargue black pargue black snapper lawyer silk snapper Common Names for Lutjanus griseus

  9. Cladistics • Combination of Linnaeus and Darwin • Kingdom system and Evolution • Use Cladograms to show these relationships

  10. Pro vs. Eu • Prokaryote • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • Single cell • Eukaryote • True nucleus • Membrane-bound organelles • Unicellular or multi-cellular

  11. Evidence for Common Descent

  12. Six Kingdom System • Six Kingdoms • Eubacteria • Archaeabacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  13. Kingdom Eubacteria • Prokaryotic Cells • Single circular strand of DNA • Have cell walls • Primary decomposers in most ecosytems

  14. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Extremophiles • Live in extreme harsh conditions • Prokaryotic

  15. Kingdom Protista • Single or Multi-cellular Eukaryotic cells • 3 Types: • Plant-like • Animal-like • Fungi-like

  16. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic decomposers that cannot move • Single or Multi-cellular (only single celled = yeast)

  17. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic multicellular autotrophs that cannot move

  18. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic Heterotrophs that can move • Invertebrates (no backbone) vs. Vertebrates (backbone)

  19. DichotomousKey • A tool used to name an unknown organism based on physical traits

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