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Chapters 1 and 2 Middle East and Islam

Chapters 1 and 2 Middle East and Islam. Dr. Maggio. Ancient Origins. Farmers and Herders/Nomads River peoples, Desert peoples, Hill peoples Great Kingdoms Egyptians Persians Jews Turks Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire. Founded by Osman I (1259-1326) Sultan Warrior

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Chapters 1 and 2 Middle East and Islam

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  1. Chapters 1 and 2Middle East and Islam Dr. Maggio

  2. Ancient Origins • Farmers and Herders/Nomads • River peoples, Desert peoples, Hill peoples • Great Kingdoms • Egyptians • Persians • Jews • Turks • Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire

  3. Ottoman Empire • Founded by Osman I (1259-1326) • Sultan • Warrior • Lasted from 1299 – 1921 A.D. • From Arabic: Utman, Othman or Osman • Not a nation but a dynastic state • Turks, Arabs, Greeks

  4. Persian Empire • Cyrus the Great • 6th Century B.C. – 537 A.D. • Conquered by Alexander the Great • 330 B.C. • Overthrown by Islamic Civilization • 537 A.D. • From India to Greece, North Africa

  5. Egyptian Empire • Beginning of Recorded History • Old, Middle, New, Ptolemaic Kingdoms • Upper and Lower Egypt United • Possibly 6,000 B.C. – 200 A.D. • Pre-Islamic, Non-Arabic • Pharoahs, Great Pyramids. Lesser Pyramids • Biblical Lands

  6. Pharonic Beliefs • http://archaeology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=archaeology&cdn=education&tm=59&gps=48_13_1020_568&f=00&tt=14&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www.narmer.pl/abydos/qaab_en.htm

  7. Who was Ptolemy? • Roman Scholar and founded of the last family to rule Egyptian Dynasty • He was mathematician, geographer, astronomer • The Ptolemies • Greek Family • 87 – 150 A.D. • Seated at Alexandria • Library of Alexandria

  8. Geography of the Region • Crossroads and Intersections • Location of Jerusalem, claims to • Bosporus Straits from Ukraine to Mediterranean • Trade routes, by sea, by land • Suez Canal (Modern Days) • Oil fields (modern days)

  9. Great Monotheistic Religions • One God versus many gods • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Jerusalem and the Holy Land • Not: Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism

  10. People of the Book • Torah • Old Testament • New Testament • Koran (Quar’an)

  11. Major Sticking Points • Simplistic Theology - sorry • Jesus as a God, Trinity, Role of Mary • Savior has not yet come - Judaism • Mohammad as the Last Prophet • Mohammad’s Descendants • Heirs to the Holy Land? • On & on e.g. – Sacraments,transsubtantiation • Catholics and Orthodox

  12. Jews • Ashkenazim (Ashkenazi Jews) • European Origin • Miraschim (Orientals) • African, Asian, Middle Eastern origin • Sephardic Jews • Spain & Portugal Middle Ages • Diaspora

  13. Jewish Denominations/Branches or Confessions today • Orthodox • Hasidim • Ultra-Orthodox • Conservative • Reform

  14. Christian Denominations • Catholic • Orthodox • Protestant • Others • Mormon

  15. Modernization of Christianity • Protestant Reformation 1500-1748 A.D. • Enlightenment 1700-1850 A.D. • Rebirth of interest in science, nature • Vatican II 1962-65 A.D. • Major Issues of Tolerance • Ecumenism • (from Gr./ Roman Empire/ “Inhabited World”) • What about the Non-believer? • Violence?

  16. Islamic Denominations • Sunni • Shiite • Shi’a • Shi’i • Related: Splinters or Origins • Zoroastrianism • Baha’i

  17. 1.1 Billion Muslims • Sunni • 940 M • Sunnah is “tradition” of the Prophet • Most of Middle East and Asia • Wahahbi • http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/sects.htm • Follow Abu Bakr, Not son-in-law and cousin of Prophet Mohammed

  18. Shiites • Followers of Ali, son-in-law and cousin of Prophet Mohammed • “Twelvers” – 12 Imams since Prophet • 140 M Shiites • Iran, Iraq, Bahrain • Viewed by Sunnis as Muslims of Innovation • Much tension, violence

  19. In Islam • God - Arabic: Allah • Angels • Saints • Jinn, Dervishes • Wizard • Mufti • Imam • Ayatollah

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