ING105 Effective Communication

1. ING105 EffectiveCommunication Asst. Prof. Dr. Emrah Görgülü Lecture 4: CommunIcatIngforlIfe

2. Chapter 1: Communicatingfor Life • Theobjectives • Explaintheimportance of studyingcommunication • Identifyanddescribetheparts of communicationprocess • Identifyfourtypes of communication • Identifyfourprinciples of communication • Understandthesignificance of being a competentcommunicator • Explaintheimportance of adaptability

3. Communicating for Life • Eric’sfirstday in theresidencehall!!! (do thecc on p. 2)

4. Communication Basics • Communication is a two-wayprocess • It is two-way as it requires at leasttwopeople. Inthisprocesspeoplesharemeaningeitherverballyornonverbally. • Communication can be intentionalorunintentional • Youdeliberatelyintendtocommunicate a (verbal) messageoryourmessage is unintentional (e.g. crossingarms, unmatchingsocks) • Communicationoccursevenwhentheinterpretationdoes not matchtheoriginalintent • Communicationoccurswhether it is interpretedcorrectlyorincorrectly. Whenthemeaning is interpretedincorrectly, it is generallycalledmiscommunication. However, it is stillcommunication.

5. Communication Basics (cont’d) • Why is communicationimportant? • Wecommunicate in ordertoinitiateorimproverelationships, getthingswewant, negotiatethebestprice, meetpeople, do businessandlearnnewthings. • Themoreeffectiveweare in communicating, thebettertheresult is!!! • Good, solidcommunicationskillsallow us tohavemore self-confidenceand a feeling of accomplishment. (do thecc on p. 3) • CommunicationProcess • Communication is an ongoingprocess. Inorderto be successful, peoplemusteffectivelysharemeaning. However, it is not alwayspossible!! • Tounderstand it wemustlook at thepartsthatmakeup an interaction. (do the CT on p. 4)

6. Communication Basics: communication process (cont’d) • Eachinteractionconsists of communicators, messages, a channel, circumstances, feedback, and in someinstances, noise. • Ifyouhave a badcommunicationexperience, you can analyzewhatthecausemight be: • Was it me? • Was it theotherperson? • Was it thechannel? • Wasthemessagewordedincorrectly? • Wastherenoise?

7. Communication Basics: communication process (cont’d) • Communicators • Communicatorsarethepeoplewhoareinvolved in a verbal/nonverbalexchange. Eachcommunicatorsendsandreceivesmessages at thesame time. • During a lecture, a professorsendsbothverbal (thelecturematerial) andnonverbalmessages (smiles, handgestures, eyecontact). At thesame time, eachstudentsendsmessagestotheprofessor _____________. • Message • Communicatorssendbothverbalandnonverbalmessages. Theprocessbeginswith a thought in a person’shead. • Thepersonencodesthethoughtintowordsoractions. Thepersonthenselects a channeltosendwordsoractionstoothercommunicators.

8. Communication Basics: communication process (cont’d) • Message (cont’d) • Theothercommunicatorsreceivethewordsoractionsanddecodethem. • Themoreeffectiveweare at encodingourthoughts, themorelikelyothercommunicatorswilldecodemessagescorrectly. • Be careful – thelistenerwoulddecodethemessagewith a meaningthatwas not intendedbythespeaker. A suddenpausebeforeyou talk could be decoded as ‘thefollowingstatementisn’ttrue’. • Channel • Messagesmustgothrough a mediumtogetfromonecommunicatortoanother. Thedifferentmediumsarecalledchannels. Channelsincludecellphones, computers, newspapers, books, face-to-faceinteraction.

9. Communication Basics: communication process (cont’d) • It is importanttochoosethecorrectcommunicationchannel. Somesituationsthatrequire a directandimmediateinvolvementwiththereceiver of themessage, some do not. (do CT andtry it on p. 7) • Circumstances • Circumstancesrefertothecontext of thesituationandtothefundamentalnature of communication. • A communicator’s background, attitudes, beliefs, andvaluescontributeto his or her nature. • Feedback • Feedback is theresponseonecommunicatorgivestoanother. It can be verbalornonverbal. It is an essentialpart of communication. Itletsthespeakerknowthatthemessagewasreceived.

10. Communication Basics: communication process (cont’d) • Noise • Noise is anythingthatinterruptscommunicatorsfromencoding, sending, receiving, and/ordecoding a messageproperly. • Therearethreetypes of noise: physical, personalandsemantic. • Physicalnoise • It is anythingexternal, fromloudconstructionsoundsoutside a windowto a bugflyingaroundyourear. (do try it on p. 9) • Personalnoise • Itreferstotheongoingthoughts in ourminds. Threetypes of pers. noise: • Prejudice: Prejudiceoccurswhenwehavepre-conceivedandoftennegativeview of someoneorsomething.

11. CommunicationBasics: communicationprocess (cont’d) • Personalnoise(cont’d) • Closed-mindedness: Closed-mindednessoccurswhenwerefuseto listen toanotherperson’spoint of view. • Self-centrednoise: Itoccurswhenwefocusmore on ourselvesthan on otherperson. Peopleconstantlythinkaboutholidayplans, whattoeatfordinnerratherthanpayingattentiontowhatothersaresaying. • Semanticnoise • Semanticnoiseoccurswhenthepersonyouaretalkingtospeaks a differentlanguage, usestechnical jargon. • Jargon is thespecializedlanguage of a profession . If a communicatorknowsthe jargon andtheotherdoes not, sharingmeaning is difficult.

12. CommunicationBasics (cont’d) • Types of communication • Intrapersonalcommunication: Itis self-talk or a conversation you havewith yourself. Wecommunicateintrapersonally when weneed to make an important decision or learn something about ourselves. • Interpersonalcommunication: Ittakesplacewhentwopeoplespeakwithoneanother. Weuseinterpersonalrelationshipstohelpcreateandmaintainrelationships. (do try it on p. 11) • Small groupcommunication: Ittakes place in a group, usually withthreeto ten ormorepeople. Familygatherings, pressconferences, board meetings, and team meetings are someexamples. • Publiccommunication: Ittakes place when one personaddresses a large numberof people. Politicalandpublic speeches are example of this type of communication.

13. CommunicationBasics (cont’d)Basic communicationprinciples • Improvingyourcommunicationskillstakes time anddedication. • Wecannot not communicate: There is constnantcommunicationamongpeople. Wecommunicatewithfamilymembers, friends, coworkers, peers, professorsandsignificantothers. • Communication is irreversible: Youcannottakebackwhatyouhavesaidwhether it is intentionalorunintentional. Ifyou say or do somethingthatupsetssomeone, youcannotchange it. You can apologizeonly. • Communication is a continuingprocess: Thepieces of informationwecollectbecomepart of ourcircumstancesandaffectourfuturecomm. • Communicationinvolvesethicalconsiderations: Ethicsare moral principlesthatguidejudgmentsaboutgoodandbad, rightandwrong.

14. Communication Basics • Communicationinvolvesethicalconsiderations: Manycommunicationsituationsweface on a dailybasisincludeethicalchoices. Do werepeatgossipweheardaboutsomeone? • Adaptability: It is theabilitytochoosetheappropriatecommunicationstyleforthesituationandtheparticipants. • Youalteryourlanguage in a moreprofessionalsituationor on a seriousoccasion (e.g. funeral). • Yourefrainfromsayingsomethingthat is on yourmindifthesituation is not appropriateforyourcomment. • Beingabletoadapthelpsyouappearcompetent in allsituations.

15. Wrap-up • Communicationbasics • What is communication? • Why is communicationimportant? • Communicationprocess • Communicators, messages, channel, circumstances, feedbackandnoise • Types of communication • Basic communicationprinciples / adaptability

16. Comingupnext! • Perception!