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Biology

Biology. Specialized Cells. Content Standard 6.1. Specialized cells enable organisms to monitor what is going on in the world around them. Homeostasis. stable internal conditions. stable internal conditions. Several body systems adjust to maintain these stable conditions.

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Biology

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  1. Biology Specialized Cells

  2. Content Standard 6.1 Specialized cells enable organisms to monitor what is going on in the world around them.

  3. Homeostasis

  4. stable internal conditions

  5. stable internal conditions Several body systems adjust to maintain these stable conditions.

  6. Homeostasis Begins in Body Cells

  7. Homeostasis - 6 min

  8. osmosis Movement of water through the cell membrane.

  9. Tonicity - 3 min

  10. What is osmosis

  11. In an isotonic solution, water concentration is the same inside and outside the cell. This is the ideal condition for living cells.

  12. In a hypotonic solution, water concentration is greater outside the cell than inside the cell. Water will move into the cell.

  13. In a hypertonic solution, water concentration is greater inside the cell than outside the cell. Water will move out of the cell.

  14. The shrinking of a cell as water moves out by osmosis. PLASMOLYSIS

  15. vacuoles contain water PLASMOLYSIS Normal plant cell

  16. Water beginning to move out of cell. PLASMOLYSIS vacuoles begin to shrink and cell membrane begins to pull away from the cell wall

  17. Most of the water has moved out of the cell. PLASMOLYSIS empty space cell membrane

  18. Normal cells PLASMOLYSIS Plasmolized cells

  19. The Nervous System

  20. Nervous system - 5 min

  21. The Central Nervous System, CNS

  22. The Peripheral Nervous System, PNS

  23. Central Nervous System, CNS 1 - cerebrum 2 - brainstem 3 - cerebellum 4 - spinal cord Brain

  24. Peripheral Nervous System, PNS Nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

  25. B1 - Somatic Nervous System Controls voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles.

  26. B2 - Autonomic Nervous System Controls involuntary actions of the body.

  27. Neurons Nerve Cells There are more than 10 Billion nerve cells in the human body.

  28. Nerve Cells - 5 min

  29. The Three Parts of a Neuron

  30. Cell body structures are the same as regular cells. Cell Body

  31. Carry signals toward the cell body. Dendrites

  32. Carries signals away from the cell body. Axon

  33. Most neurons have several dendrites... but only one axon.

  34. Synapses

  35. The gap between two nerve cells

  36. This gap is bridged by chemicals called neurotransmitters.

  37. There are 6 basic steps by which an impulse travels along a nerve

  38. Resting state - the neuron is not conducting impulse.

  39. Depolarization - The neuron is stimulated. Sodium ions, Na+, move into the cell.

  40. Repolarization - Potassium ions, K+, move out of the cell to balance the charge.

  41. 4.Travel - A wave of charge changes moves across the cell.

  42. Transmission- Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that bridge the synapse.

  43. Refractory period - The time it takes a neuron to return to its resting potential after being stimulated.

  44. The refractory period for humans is 4/1000 of a second.

  45. Do these steps suggest a way pain relievers might work?

  46. 1/2 meter/sec 120 meters/sec Neurons come in different sizes

  47. 1/2 meter/sec 120 meters/sec The larger the neuron, the faster the impulse travels

  48. The Brain

  49. The Brain - 10 min

  50. Contains about 1 x 1011 neurons The Brain

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