1 / 27

Applied Exercise Physiology

Applied Exercise Physiology. Section 5: Body Systems Topic 1: Muscular System. Prepared by Mr. Cerny Niagara Wheatfield Senior High School. Cardiac Heart Smooth Organ lining Skeletal Movement 40% of total body mass. Types of Muscle. Types of Muscle (con’t). Cardiac. Skeletal.

decima
Download Presentation

Applied Exercise Physiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Applied Exercise Physiology Section 5: Body Systems Topic 1: Muscular System Prepared by Mr. Cerny Niagara Wheatfield Senior High School

  2. Cardiac Heart Smooth Organ lining Skeletal Movement 40% of total body mass Types of Muscle

  3. Types of Muscle (con’t) Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

  4. Skeletal Muscle • How many different muscles can there be? • ~660

  5. Cable wire c.s. Skeletal Muscle Structure • Cylindrical fibers bunched together

  6. Macrostructure • It is the number of muscle fibers packed into a given muscle cross-sectional area that determine overall force-generating capacity Skeletal muscle c.s. 40x

  7. Microstructure Sarcomere: • basic functional unit of muscle • Striated (light & dark bands) • Contains ACTIN & MYOSIN filaments that are responsible for contraction

  8. Actin & Myosin

  9. Where did the Ca++ come from? • Ca++ is stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) • SR is a network of tubules within the muscle fiber

  10. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

  11. Excitation-Contraction Coupling • Action potential travels along neuron by the temporary changing of charges • Nerve impulse causes the release of acetylcholine (ACh). • ACh travels across neuromuscular junction, binding to muscle cell membrane. • ACh binding initiates an electrical impulse which travels across membrane and into T tubules. • Impulse stimulates release of Ca+2 from SR. • Ca+2 binds with t-t complex of the actin filaments, shifting it's position, exposing myosin binding sites. • Myosin binds to actin; Ca+2 presence also causes enzymatic actions of myosin to breakdown ATP into ADP + P + energy. • Energy of ATP degradation causes shape change of myosin head, pulling actin molecule toward center of sacromere. • After sliding, a new ATP binds to myosin, breaking the myosin-actin bond, releasing the myosin head. • If Ca+2 is still present, the process repeats itself until sacromere has shortened completely. • If a nerve impulse ceases, the Ca+2 is reabsorbed by the SR and the muscle relaxes.

  12. Muscle Fatigue 1 What causes it? • 1) Reduction in ATP • Under high stress, ATP utilization reduced faster than ATP production • 2) Peripheral metabolic bi-products • Lactic acid • H (and other free radicals)

  13. Muscle Fatigue • 3) Dehydration • Increases temp = decreases contractile properties • 4) Decrease nerve signals/action potentials • 5) Reduction of Ca • “leakage” 1 • From decrease nerve connection

  14. Muscle Types

  15. Muscle Strength “Bigger” muscles: • Usually NOT increase in muscle cells (hyperplasia) • Usually an increase in existing tissue size (hypertrophy) Factors contributing: • Genetics • Exercise • Nutrition • Endocrine • Environmental • Nervous

  16. The Muscular System 11.0 Describe Animal Health Needs 11.3 Describe the musculoskeletal system

  17. Function of the muscular system • Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system • Important in life support • Used by humans and other animals for food

  18. Classifications of Muscles • Voluntary: Movement of the muscle is under the control of the animal • Involuntary: Movement of the muscle is not controlled by the animal

  19. Types of Muscles • Smooth Muscles: Involuntary muscles, found in the walls of internal organs and the blood vessels.

  20. Smooth Muscles • Are not under voluntary control • Are spindle shaped and are not striated. • Interlace to form Sheets of smooth muscle tissue. • Are found in many internal organs: Stomach, Intestines, Blood Vessel walls

  21. Types of Muscles • Cardiac Muscles: Muscles that form a network to make up the heart. Not under active brain controll

  22. Cardiac Muscles • Only found in the Heart • Are Striated • Are NOT under Voluntary Control • Contract Without Direct stimulation by the Nervous System

  23. Types of Muscles • Skeletal Muscles: Have a striped appearance, include voluntary and involuntary, attached to and moves your bones. This is a majority of the muscle tissue in your body.

  24. Skeletal Muscles • Are made of Elongated Cells called MUSCLE FIBERS • Are grouped into dense bundles called FASCICLES • Are LARGE and have MORE than ONE NUCLEUS • Most are Voluntary

More Related