Attention Deficit Disorder

2. Attention Deficit Disorder

3. Attention Deficit Disorder Symptoms • Children do not pay attention to details and have problems following instructions • Often fidget with hands and squirm in seats • Often interrupt and have trouble waiting their turn • Often blurt out answers before a person finishes asking a question. • Biological: Brain areas differ from that of a normal child (smaller right anterior frontal) • May be due to fast paced culture because the brain accommodates itself much more prevalent in the U.S

4. Treatment • Stimulants increases the ability to focus but only for a short period of time. • Stimulants work best when combined with behavior therapy

5. Bipolar Disorder

6. Bipolar Disorder Symptoms • Brain disorder that causes a shift in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function • There are 2 parts of the disorder: Mania & Depression • Mania- racing thoughts & speech, grandiose self-esteem, highly distractible, poor judgment & impulsive • Depression- pervasive sadness, feel anxious, guilty, and worthless, usually feel helpless and unable to improve life

7. Treatment • Lithium is a medicine that reduces symptoms of bipolar disorder • Anti-convulsive medications are used when lithium doesn’t work (neuron tin) • No permanent

8. Borderline Personality Disorder

9. Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms • Strong mood shifts that last only a few hours (emotional liability) • Anger that is inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable • Self destructive behaviors ( self-mutilation) • Instability in identity including self-image, sexual orientation, career choice, and long term goals • Chronic feelings of emptiness • Relationships tend to be intense, chaotic, and unstable • Person makes frantic efforts to avoid abandonment • Short term dissociative thoughts and actions

10. Treatment • Maintain open communication • Maintain an emotional distance • Prepare for “emotional splitting” • Drug therapy (mixed results)

11. Bulimia Nervosa

12. Bulimia Nervosa Symptoms • Recurrent episodes of binge eating during which the person eats excessive amounts and feels a lack of control over their behavior • Recurrent inappropriate behavior including: self-induced vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise and abuse of laxatives and diuretics • Individual is preoccupied with body shape and weight • Most common in teens and women • Can cause more serious health problems such as osteoporosis, heart problems, kidney damage, or death

13. Treatment • Professionals develop a care plan to fit the needs of the individual • Medication and psychotherapy

14. Dysthymic Disorder

15. Dysthymic Disorder Symptoms • A depressed mood that is present most of the time and that persists for at least 2 years • The presence of 2 or more of the following: -poor appetite/over eating -insomnia or hypersomnia -low energy or fatigue -poor concentration or difficulty making decisions -feelings of hopelessness • During 2-year period the person has never been without the symptoms for more than 2 months • No major depressive episode or manic episode has been present during the first 2 years of disturbance

16. Treatment • Psychotherapy and medications sometimes reduce symptoms • Prozac and trofanil

17. Major Depression

18. Major Depression Symptoms • A person must express 5 of nine symptoms(need to occur for at least 2 weeks) -depressed mood -reduced level of interest in activities -a considerable change in body weight -change in appetite -sleep difficulties -agitated or slow behavior -thoughts of worthlessness or guilt -cognitive abilities diminished -frequent thoughts of death or sucide

19. Treatment • Antidepressants • Psychotherapy

20. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

21. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptoms • The presence of obsessive thoughts, images, impulses • The person is unable to ignore the thought and it causes the person anxiety • The person feels compelled to perform the action • Performing the action is intended to reduce stress or prevent some dreaded event • The individual recognizes that the actions are excessive or unreasonable • The obsessions occupy significant amounts of time and interfere with the person’s life • Experts believe that it is due to lack of serotonin

22. Treatment • Educating the individual on the disorder can help a person manage their tendencies • Medications that inhibit serotonin reuptake • Response prevention

24. Panic disorder W/ Agoraphobia Symptoms • Recurrent Panic attacks • Individual is anxious about going places where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where they will be unable to receive assistance in case of an emergency

25. Treatment • Medications • Psychotherapy

26. Paranoid Schizophrenia

27. Paranoid Schizophrenia Symptoms (must persist for at least 1 month and some must remain present for at lest 6 months) • An Expression of 2 or more of the following: -Hallucinations -Disorganized speech -Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior -Negative symptoms( flat affect, lack of speech or action) • These symptoms must significantly interfere with a persons work, relationships and self-care • Symptoms must be unjustifiable by another medical or psychological effect

28. The Many Faces (delusions) • Erotomanic: Believes another person (famous) is in love with him/her • Grandiose: over-inflated sense of self worth, power, knowledge or identity • Jealous: believes his/her spouse or partner is unfaithful • Persecutory: believes they are being mistreated • Somatic: believes he/she has a physical defect • Mixed: two or more of the above

29. Treatment • Narcoleptic drugs (mitigate symptoms) • Includes Thorazine, Haldol, Prolixin

30. Post Traumatic Stress disorder

31. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms • A person has been exposed to one or more traumatic events in which he/she is confronted with events that involved the threat of death or serious injury to themselves or others and the person’s response involved fear, helplessness, or terror • The traumatic event is consistently re-experienced by distressing recollections or dreams. • Person feels distress in stimuli that remind them of the event • Avoidance of that stimuli • Increased levels of arousal including: insomnia, irritability ,and hyper vigilance

32. Treatment • Trauma therapy • Systematic desensitization • Stress Management • Cognitive techniques

33. Substance Abuse

34. Substance Abuse Symptoms • The person experiences a maladaptive pattern of substance use which leads to 3 or more of the following: -person experiences drug tolerance(increased amounts of drug to achieve intoxication” -person experiences drug withdrawal -person takes substance in doses that are larger than the intended amount and over a longer time than intended -person has made unsuccessful efforts to quit -Person gives up social and professional opportunities because of the substance -The person continues the use of the drug in spite of negative consequences

35. Treatment • Psychological interventions • Detoxification

36. Tourette’s Syndrome

37. Tourettes Syndrome Symptoms • The presence of multiple motor ties and one more vocal ties or more vocal ties • These ties most appear many times a day • The onset of the disorder must occur before the age of 18 years old • The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social functioning

38. Treatment • No cure • Medications can reduce symptoms