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Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Bakersfield CRJU 477 Terrorism Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali Future of Terrorism. Future of Terrorism: New Threats Will it change? Intolerance and resentment Different types of T remain alive in society today
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Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Bakersfield CRJU 477 Terrorism Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali Future of Terrorism
Future of Terrorism: New Threats • Will it change? • Intolerance and resentment • Different types of T remain alive in society today • “one person’s T is another person’s freedom fighter”
Terrorist Environments in the 21st Century • State sponsored • Dissident T • Religious • Ideological T • Criminal Dissident T
Future Sources of T • The Middle East e.g. Rafik Hariri of Lebanon • Palestine and Israel. The intifadah, establishment of the State of Israel • Latin America: Colombia and narcotraficantes • Europe: Madrid 2004, London July 7, 2005 • Africa: Ethno-national communal conflict • Asia: New People’s Army (NPA), Marxist guerilla group in Philippines. Overthrowing government
High-Tech T • Information technology • Cyber-terrorism • Weapons of Mass destruction
Exotic Technologies: • Electromagnetic Pulse Technologies (EMT): disable microchips and military information • Plastics: thwart detection from metal detection • Liquid Metal Embrittlement: chemicals theoretically weakening metals when applied
CONTROLLING T: NEW CHALLENGES • Deterring Ts • Government responses: peaces processes, social reforms, negotiations • Societal responses: ideological changes, multicultural changes and diversity in America • The “melting pot” in America
New Fronts in a New War • Covert “shadow wars”: deployment of military • Domestic (Homeland) security measures • Counterterrorist Financial Operations • Global Surveillance of Communication Technologies • Identifying and Disrupting Transnational T Cells and Support Networks “connect the dots”
The Use of Force as Deterrence • General Deterrence • Specific Deterrence
CONCLUDING REMARKS • Fighting the enemy? • The innocent and collateral damages inflicted • Ideologies • Preparedness to future threats • The change in foreign policy • Impact on society and social change